caa a22 4500 606158243 CHVBK 20210128100618.0 cr unu---uuuuu 210128e20150201xx s 000 0 eng 10.1007/s10557-014-6562-5 doi (NATIONALLICENCE)springer-10.1007/s10557-014-6562-5 Oxidative Stress and Early Atherosclerosis: Novel Antioxidant Treatment [Elektronische Daten] [Dimitris Tousoulis, Theodora Psaltopoulou, Emmanuel Androulakis, Nikolaos Papageorgiou, Spyridon Papaioannou, Evangelos Oikonomou, Andreas Synetos, Christodoulos Stefanadis] Atherosclerotic lesions initiate in regions characterized by low shear stress and reduced activity of endothelial atheroprotective molecules such as nitric oxide, which is the key molecule managing vascular homeostasis. The generation of reactive oxygen species from the vascular endothelium is strongly related to various enzymes, such as xanthine oxidase, endothelial nitric oxide synthase and nicotinamide-adenine dinucleotide phosphate oxidase. Several pharmaceutical agents, including angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitors, angiotensin receptors blockers and statins, along with a variety of other agents, have demonstrated additional antioxidant properties beyond their principal role. Reports regarding the antioxidant role of vitamins present controversial results, especially those based on large scale studies. In addition, there is growing interest on the role of dietary flavonoids and their potential to improve endothelial function by modifying the oxidative stress status. However, the vascular-protective role of flavonoids and especially their antioxidant properties are still under investigation. Indeed, further research is required to establish the impact of the proposed new therapeutic strategies in atherosclerosis. Springer Science+Business Media New York, 2014 Atherosclerosis nationallicence Endothelial function nationallicence Oxidative stress nationallicence Nitric oxide nationallicence Reactive oxygen species nationallicence Tousoulis Dimitris Cardiology Department, University of Athens Medical School, "Hippokration” Hospital, Athens, Greece aut Psaltopoulou Theodora Department of Epistat, Epidemiology and Medical Statistics, Medical School, University of Athens, Athens, Greece aut Androulakis Emmanuel Cardiology Department, University of Athens Medical School, "Hippokration” Hospital, Athens, Greece aut Papageorgiou Nikolaos Cardiology Department, University of Athens Medical School, "Hippokration” Hospital, Athens, Greece aut Papaioannou Spyridon Cardiology Department, University of Athens Medical School, "Hippokration” Hospital, Athens, Greece aut Oikonomou Evangelos Cardiology Department, University of Athens Medical School, "Hippokration” Hospital, Athens, Greece aut Synetos Andreas Cardiology Department, University of Athens Medical School, "Hippokration” Hospital, Athens, Greece aut Stefanadis Christodoulos Cardiology Department, University of Athens Medical School, "Hippokration” Hospital, Athens, Greece aut Cardiovascular Drugs and Therapy Springer US; http://www.springer-ny.com 29/1(2015-02-01), 75-88 0920-3206 29:1<75 2015 29 10557 https://doi.org/10.1007/s10557-014-6562-5 text/html Onlinezugriff via DOI BK010053 XK010053 XK010000 Metadata rights reserved Springer special CC-BY-NC licence nationallicence 1 research-article jats NATIONALLICENCE NATIONALLICENCE NL-springer NATIONALLICENCE 856 40 https://doi.org/10.1007/s10557-014-6562-5 text/html Onlinezugriff via DOI NATIONALLICENCE 700 1- Tousoulis Dimitris Cardiology Department, University of Athens Medical School, "Hippokration” Hospital, Athens, Greece aut NATIONALLICENCE 700 1- Psaltopoulou Theodora Department of Epistat, Epidemiology and Medical Statistics, Medical School, University of Athens, Athens, Greece aut NATIONALLICENCE 700 1- Androulakis Emmanuel Cardiology Department, University of Athens Medical School, "Hippokration” Hospital, Athens, Greece aut NATIONALLICENCE 700 1- Papageorgiou Nikolaos Cardiology Department, University of Athens Medical School, "Hippokration” Hospital, Athens, Greece aut NATIONALLICENCE 700 1- Papaioannou Spyridon Cardiology Department, University of Athens Medical School, "Hippokration” Hospital, Athens, Greece aut NATIONALLICENCE 700 1- Oikonomou Evangelos Cardiology Department, University of Athens Medical School, "Hippokration” Hospital, Athens, Greece aut NATIONALLICENCE 700 1- Synetos Andreas Cardiology Department, University of Athens Medical School, "Hippokration” Hospital, Athens, Greece aut NATIONALLICENCE 700 1- Stefanadis Christodoulos Cardiology Department, University of Athens Medical School, "Hippokration” Hospital, Athens, Greece aut NATIONALLICENCE 773 0- Cardiovascular Drugs and Therapy Springer US; http://www.springer-ny.com 29/1(2015-02-01), 75-88 0920-3206 29:1<75 2015 29 10557