caa a22 4500 606161422 CHVBK 20210128100634.0 cr unu---uuuuu 210128e20150201xx s 000 0 eng 10.1007/s10526-014-9626-3 doi (NATIONALLICENCE)springer-10.1007/s10526-014-9626-3 Beneficial effects of Trichoderma harzianum T-22 in tomato seedlings infected by Cucumber mosaic virus (CMV) [Elektronische Daten] [Antonella Vitti, Esther La Monaca, Adriano Sofo, Antonio Scopa, Ann Cuypers, Maria Nuzzaci] The study of the biochemical and molecular mechanisms deriving from the host-pathogen-antagonist interaction is essential to understand the dynamics of infectious processes and can be useful for the development of new strategies to control phytopathogens, particularly viruses, against which chemical treatments have no effect. In this work, we demonstrate the ability of the rhizospheric fungus Trichoderma harzianum strain T-22 (T22) to induce defense responses in tomato (Solanum lycopersicum var. cerasiforme) against Cucumber mosaic virus (CMV, family Bromoviridae, genus Cucumovirus) strain Fny. A granule formulation containing T22 was used for treating the plants before, simultaneously or after the CMV inoculation, in order to study the molecular and biochemical aspects of the interaction between T22 and tomato against the virus. Reactive oxygen species (ROS) and the genes encoding for ROS scavenging enzymes were investigated. Histochemical analysis revealed a different increase in the superoxide anion ( $$ {\text{O}}_{2}^{ \bullet - } $$ O 2 ∙ - ) and hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) content in plants infected by CMV alone or in the presence of T22, confirming the involvement of ROS in plant defense responses. Gene expression analysis suggested a definite improvement in oxidative stress when plants were treated with T22 after inoculation with CMV. In conclusion, our data indicate that Trichoderma harzianum T-22 stimulates the induction of tomato defense responses against CMV, an action that implies the involvement of ROS, pointing towards its use as a treatment rather than as a preventive measure. International Organization for Biological Control (IOBC), 2014 Cucumber mosaic virus (CMV) nationallicence Trichoderma harzianum T-22 (T22) nationallicence Biocontrol agent (BCA) nationallicence Reactive oxygen species (ROS) nationallicence Antioxidant enzymes nationallicence Tomato ( Solanum lycopersicum var. cerasiforme ) nationallicence Vitti Antonella School of Agricultural, Forestry, Food and Environmental Sciences, University of Basilicata, Viale dell'Ateneo Lucano, 10, 85100, Potenza, Italy aut La Monaca Esther Environmental Biology, Centre for Environmental Sciences, Hasselt University, 3590, Diepenbeek, Belgium aut Sofo Adriano School of Agricultural, Forestry, Food and Environmental Sciences, University of Basilicata, Viale dell'Ateneo Lucano, 10, 85100, Potenza, Italy aut Scopa Antonio School of Agricultural, Forestry, Food and Environmental Sciences, University of Basilicata, Viale dell'Ateneo Lucano, 10, 85100, Potenza, Italy aut Cuypers Ann Environmental Biology, Centre for Environmental Sciences, Hasselt University, 3590, Diepenbeek, Belgium aut Nuzzaci Maria School of Agricultural, Forestry, Food and Environmental Sciences, University of Basilicata, Viale dell'Ateneo Lucano, 10, 85100, Potenza, Italy aut BioControl Springer Netherlands 60/1(2015-02-01), 135-147 1386-6141 60:1<135 2015 60 10526 https://doi.org/10.1007/s10526-014-9626-3 text/html Onlinezugriff via DOI BK010053 XK010053 XK010000 Metadata rights reserved Springer special CC-BY-NC licence nationallicence 1 research-article jats NATIONALLICENCE NATIONALLICENCE NL-springer NATIONALLICENCE 856 40 https://doi.org/10.1007/s10526-014-9626-3 text/html Onlinezugriff via DOI NATIONALLICENCE 700 1- Vitti Antonella School of Agricultural, Forestry, Food and Environmental Sciences, University of Basilicata, Viale dell'Ateneo Lucano, 10, 85100, Potenza, Italy aut NATIONALLICENCE 700 1- La Monaca Esther Environmental Biology, Centre for Environmental Sciences, Hasselt University, 3590, Diepenbeek, Belgium aut NATIONALLICENCE 700 1- Sofo Adriano School of Agricultural, Forestry, Food and Environmental Sciences, University of Basilicata, Viale dell'Ateneo Lucano, 10, 85100, Potenza, Italy aut NATIONALLICENCE 700 1- Scopa Antonio School of Agricultural, Forestry, Food and Environmental Sciences, University of Basilicata, Viale dell'Ateneo Lucano, 10, 85100, Potenza, Italy aut NATIONALLICENCE 700 1- Cuypers Ann Environmental Biology, Centre for Environmental Sciences, Hasselt University, 3590, Diepenbeek, Belgium aut NATIONALLICENCE 700 1- Nuzzaci Maria School of Agricultural, Forestry, Food and Environmental Sciences, University of Basilicata, Viale dell'Ateneo Lucano, 10, 85100, Potenza, Italy aut NATIONALLICENCE 773 0- BioControl Springer Netherlands 60/1(2015-02-01), 135-147 1386-6141 60:1<135 2015 60 10526