caa a22 4500 60616183X CHVBK 20210128100636.0 cr unu---uuuuu 210128e20151001xx s 000 0 eng 10.1007/s10526-015-9678-z doi (NATIONALLICENCE)springer-10.1007/s10526-015-9678-z Immune defenses of Agriotes lineatus larvae against entomopathogenic nematodes [Elektronische Daten] [Zahra Rahatkhah, Javad Karimi, Mohammad Ghadamyari, Maurizio Brivio] The present work describes the immune response of wireworm larvae, Agriotes lineatus (L.) (Coleoptera: Elateridae) when challenged with two species of entomopathogenic nematodes, Steinernema feltiae (Filipjev) (Strongyloidea: Steinernematidae) and Heterorhabditis bacteriophora (Poinar) (Rhabiditoidea: Heterorhabditidae). Two main immunological processes including cellular and humoral reactions have been addressed. Total haemocyte counts after infection with H. bacteriophora increased quickly in initial times, but decreased over time post-injection (at 12 and 16h). Instead, haemocyte numbers after infection with S. feltiae was unchanged in the early stage, but significantly decreased until 16h post-injection. Plasmatocytes and granulocytes showed more significant changes compared to other haemocytes. The encapsulation response to parasites was significantly different against two nematode species. Particularly, S. feltiae was almost unrecognized by host haemocytes (5.85% of encapsulated parasites). Assays with H. bacteriophora showed 23.5% of encapsulated nematodes. From 8 to 12h after H. bacteriophora infection, an increase in phenoloxidase activity was detected, while in the larvae injected with S. feltiae the enzymatic activity decreased gradually reaching the lowest level 16h post-injection. This is the first report on the modulation of immune response of wireworm larvae after infection with entomopathogenic nematodes. International Organization for Biological Control (IOBC), 2015 Agriotes lineatus nationallicence Haemocytes nationallicence Insect immunity nationallicence Insect pathology nationallicence Phenoloxidase nationallicence Rahatkhah Zahra Biocontrol and Insect Pathology Laboratory, Department of Plant Protection, Faculty of Agriculture, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad, Iran aut Karimi Javad Biocontrol and Insect Pathology Laboratory, Department of Plant Protection, Faculty of Agriculture, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad, Iran aut Ghadamyari Mohammad Department of Plant Protection, Faculty of Agricultural Sciences, University of Guilan, Rasht, Iran aut Brivio Maurizio Laboratory of Comparative Immunology, DiSTA - Insubria University, Varese, VA, Italy aut BioControl Springer Netherlands 60/5(2015-10-01), 641-653 1386-6141 60:5<641 2015 60 10526 https://doi.org/10.1007/s10526-015-9678-z text/html Onlinezugriff via DOI BK010053 XK010053 XK010000 Metadata rights reserved Springer special CC-BY-NC licence nationallicence 1 research-article jats NATIONALLICENCE NATIONALLICENCE NL-springer NATIONALLICENCE 856 40 https://doi.org/10.1007/s10526-015-9678-z text/html Onlinezugriff via DOI NATIONALLICENCE 700 1- Rahatkhah Zahra Biocontrol and Insect Pathology Laboratory, Department of Plant Protection, Faculty of Agriculture, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad, Iran aut NATIONALLICENCE 700 1- Karimi Javad Biocontrol and Insect Pathology Laboratory, Department of Plant Protection, Faculty of Agriculture, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad, Iran aut NATIONALLICENCE 700 1- Ghadamyari Mohammad Department of Plant Protection, Faculty of Agricultural Sciences, University of Guilan, Rasht, Iran aut NATIONALLICENCE 700 1- Brivio Maurizio Laboratory of Comparative Immunology, DiSTA - Insubria University, Varese, VA, Italy aut NATIONALLICENCE 773 0- BioControl Springer Netherlands 60/5(2015-10-01), 641-653 1386-6141 60:5<641 2015 60 10526