caa a22 4500 606162194 CHVBK 20210128100638.0 cr unu---uuuuu 210128e20150101xx s 000 0 eng 10.1007/s10291-014-0367-7 doi (NATIONALLICENCE)springer-10.1007/s10291-014-0367-7 Generating statistically robust multipath stacking maps using congruent cells [Elektronische Daten] [Thomas Fuhrmann, Xiaoguang Luo, Andreas Knöpfler, Michael Mayer] Multipath effects caused by reflections in the near-field and far-field of a GNSS antenna represent a major error source in static and kinematic GNSS positioning applications. Since these effects are strongly site-specific, a generally valid and practicable analytical multipath model is still lacking. In contrast, using GNSS carrier phase observation residuals, the multipath stacking (MPS) methods are able to take site-specific conditions into account. We propose an advanced approach to performing residual-based MPS in the space domain. Being superior to most conventional attempts in which stacking cells have a fixed azimuthal resolution, our suggested method makes use of congruent cells and rigorous statistical assessments in terms of outlier detection and significance evaluation of the stacked values. The advanced stacking approach is applied to representative phase residuals from static precise point positioning. The results show that the use of congruent cells allows for MPS at highelevation angles and with a fine spatial resolution. Applying the resulting MPS maps at the residual level, both near-field and far-field effects at high and low elevation angles, respectively, can be significantly mitigated. In comparison with the conventional approach, the advanced one enables a larger reduction of about 20% in the SD of residuals. Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg, 2014 GNSS nationallicence PPP nationallicence Multipath stacking nationallicence Congruent cells nationallicence Outlier detection nationallicence Statistical tests nationallicence Fuhrmann Thomas Geodetic Institute, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Englerstr. 7, 76131, Karlsruhe, Germany aut Luo Xiaoguang Geodetic Institute, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Englerstr. 7, 76131, Karlsruhe, Germany aut Knöpfler Andreas Geodetic Institute, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Englerstr. 7, 76131, Karlsruhe, Germany aut Mayer Michael Geodetic Institute, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Englerstr. 7, 76131, Karlsruhe, Germany aut GPS Solutions Springer Berlin Heidelberg 19/1(2015-01-01), 83-92 1080-5370 19:1<83 2015 19 10291 https://doi.org/10.1007/s10291-014-0367-7 text/html Onlinezugriff via DOI BK010053 XK010053 XK010000 Metadata rights reserved Springer special CC-BY-NC licence nationallicence 1 research-article jats NATIONALLICENCE NATIONALLICENCE NL-springer NATIONALLICENCE 856 40 https://doi.org/10.1007/s10291-014-0367-7 text/html Onlinezugriff via DOI NATIONALLICENCE 700 1- Fuhrmann Thomas Geodetic Institute, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Englerstr. 7, 76131, Karlsruhe, Germany aut NATIONALLICENCE 700 1- Luo Xiaoguang Geodetic Institute, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Englerstr. 7, 76131, Karlsruhe, Germany aut NATIONALLICENCE 700 1- Knöpfler Andreas Geodetic Institute, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Englerstr. 7, 76131, Karlsruhe, Germany aut NATIONALLICENCE 700 1- Mayer Michael Geodetic Institute, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Englerstr. 7, 76131, Karlsruhe, Germany aut NATIONALLICENCE 773 0- GPS Solutions Springer Berlin Heidelberg 19/1(2015-01-01), 83-92 1080-5370 19:1<83 2015 19 10291