caa a22 4500 606164014 CHVBK 20210128100646.0 cr unu---uuuuu 210128e20150401xx s 000 0 eng 10.1007/s00106-014-2973-7 doi (NATIONALLICENCE)springer-10.1007/s00106-014-2973-7 Stress and tinnitus [Elektronische Daten] [B. Mazurek, A.J. Szczepek, S. Hebert] Stress und Tinnitus Emotional stress is a constant companion of tinnitus patients, since this phantom sound can unfortunately be a very effective stressor. However, the mechanism of stress contribution to the onset or progression of tinnitus remains unknown. Here, we review the pathways induced by emotional stress and the outcome of their induction: corticosteroid-dependent changes in gene expression, epigenetic modulations, and impact of stress on neuronal plasticity and neurotransmission. Using clinical examples, we demonstrate the presence of emotional stress among tinnitus patients and we present methods to measure the degree of stress. The evidence causally linking emotional stress with tinnitus is still indirect—the main difficulty lies in the inaccessibility of human auditory tissues and the inability to directly measure tinnitus-induced psychological distress in animal models. However, we believe that translational research is the future way of filling this gap, finding the answers, and thereby improving both the diagnosis and treatment of tinnitus patients. Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg, 2015 Emotional stress nationallicence Tinnitus nationallicence Translational research nationallicence Homeostasis nationallicence Auditory system nationallicence Emotionaler Stress nationallicence Translationale Forschung nationallicence Homöostase nationallicence Auditorisches System nationallicence Mazurek B. Tinnitus Center, Charité Universitätsmedizin- Berlin, Chariteplatz 1, 10117, Berlin, Germany aut Szczepek A.J. Department of ORL, Charité Universitätsmedizin- Berlin, Berlin, Germany aut Hebert S. École d'orthophonie et d'audiologie, University of Montreal, Montreal, Canada aut HNO Springer Berlin Heidelberg 63/4(2015-04-01), 258-265 0017-6192 63:4<258 2015 63 106 https://doi.org/10.1007/s00106-014-2973-7 text/html Onlinezugriff via DOI BK010053 XK010053 XK010000 Metadata rights reserved Springer special CC-BY-NC licence nationallicence 1 research-article jats NATIONALLICENCE NATIONALLICENCE NL-springer NATIONALLICENCE 856 40 https://doi.org/10.1007/s00106-014-2973-7 text/html Onlinezugriff via DOI NATIONALLICENCE 700 1- Mazurek B. Tinnitus Center, Charité Universitätsmedizin- Berlin, Chariteplatz 1, 10117, Berlin, Germany aut NATIONALLICENCE 700 1- Szczepek A.J. Department of ORL, Charité Universitätsmedizin- Berlin, Berlin, Germany aut NATIONALLICENCE 700 1- Hebert S. École d'orthophonie et d'audiologie, University of Montreal, Montreal, Canada aut NATIONALLICENCE 773 0- HNO Springer Berlin Heidelberg 63/4(2015-04-01), 258-265 0017-6192 63:4<258 2015 63 106