caa a22 4500 60616507X CHVBK 20210128100652.0 cr unu---uuuuu 210128e20150401xx s 000 0 eng 10.1007/s10144-014-0474-x doi (NATIONALLICENCE)springer-10.1007/s10144-014-0474-x Takahashi Yuma Frontier Research Institute for Interdisciplinary Sciences, Tohoku University, 980-8578, Sendai, Miyagi, Japan aut Mechanisms and tests for geographic clines in genetic polymorphisms [Elektronische Daten] [Yuma Takahashi] A continuous spatial gradient in visible traits, which is called a cline, is a natural model system for quantifying the effects of selection and stochastic factors and their relative importance. Geographic clines in phenotypic traits also provide key insights into the evolutionary forces that lead to allopatric speciation in nature. Thus, the underlying mechanisms for establishing clines and their evolutionary consequences remain key topics in evolutionary biology. However, few experimental studies have confirmed the underlying mechanisms of geographic clines in morph/allele frequencies, probably because of the lack of understanding of the theoretical basis of geographic clines in polymorphisms and/or suitable comprehensive tests. Thus, I present a general review of the underlying mechanisms for establishing geographic clines in polymorphisms. I also provide a case study using the female dimorphic damselfly Ischnura senegalensis to illustrate a strategy that confirms the underlying mechanisms of geographic clines in morph frequencies. This review may help to address geographic clines in other polymorphic systems, as well as contribute to a comprehensive understanding of geographic clines in quantitative traits, and thus, their evolutionary consequences in nature. The Society of Population Ecology and Springer Japan, 2015 Balancing selection nationallicence Damselfly nationallicence Gene flow nationallicence Ischnura senegalensis nationallicence Morph frequency nationallicence Qualitative traits nationallicence Population Ecology Springer Japan 57/2(2015-04-01), 355-362 1438-3896 57:2<355 2015 57 10144 https://doi.org/10.1007/s10144-014-0474-x text/html Onlinezugriff via DOI BK010053 XK010053 XK010000 Metadata rights reserved Springer special CC-BY-NC licence nationallicence 1 review-article jats NATIONALLICENCE NATIONALLICENCE NL-springer NATIONALLICENCE 856 40 https://doi.org/10.1007/s10144-014-0474-x text/html Onlinezugriff via DOI NATIONALLICENCE 100 1- Takahashi Yuma Frontier Research Institute for Interdisciplinary Sciences, Tohoku University, 980-8578, Sendai, Miyagi, Japan aut NATIONALLICENCE 773 0- Population Ecology Springer Japan 57/2(2015-04-01), 355-362 1438-3896 57:2<355 2015 57 10144