caa a22 4500 606167668 CHVBK 20210128100703.0 cr unu---uuuuu 210128e20150901xx s 000 0 eng 10.1007/s11127-015-0284-5 doi (NATIONALLICENCE)springer-10.1007/s11127-015-0284-5 Mildenberger Carl Department of Philosophy, University of St Andrews, Edgecliffe, The Scores, KY16 9AL, St Andrews, Fife, UK aut Virtual world order: the economics and organizations of virtual pirates [Elektronische Daten] [Carl Mildenberger] This paper investigates how order may emerge in anarchy using a novel empirical approach. It analyzes the predatory and productive interactions of 400,000 users of a virtual world. Virtual worlds are computer-created environments that visually mimic physical spaces, where people interact with each other and with virtual objects in manifold ways. Notably, the paper examines the behavior of users acting as virtual pirates. The paper finds that even in a largely anonymous and anarchic virtual world private rules of order mitigate the most destructive forms of conflict. This is true even though the virtual pirates are found to be conflict-loving rather than conflict-averse. Although the costs of conflict are dramatically reduced in virtual worlds, private rules that limit violence spontaneously emerge. An important part of the paper's contribution is methodological. The analysis of the problem of order in anarchy serves to exemplify the power and usefulness of the new approach. Springer Science+Business Media New York, 2015 Anarchy nationallicence Piracy nationallicence Virtual worlds nationallicence Conflict-aversion nationallicence Private rules nationallicence Ordered anarchy nationallicence Public Choice Springer US; http://www.springer-ny.com 164/3-4(2015-09-01), 401-421 0048-5829 164:3-4<401 2015 164 11127 https://doi.org/10.1007/s11127-015-0284-5 text/html Onlinezugriff via DOI BK010053 XK010053 XK010000 Metadata rights reserved Springer special CC-BY-NC licence nationallicence 1 research-article jats NATIONALLICENCE NATIONALLICENCE NL-springer NATIONALLICENCE 856 40 https://doi.org/10.1007/s11127-015-0284-5 text/html Onlinezugriff via DOI NATIONALLICENCE 100 1- Mildenberger Carl Department of Philosophy, University of St Andrews, Edgecliffe, The Scores, KY16 9AL, St Andrews, Fife, UK aut NATIONALLICENCE 773 0- Public Choice Springer US; http://www.springer-ny.com 164/3-4(2015-09-01), 401-421 0048-5829 164:3-4<401 2015 164 11127