caa a22 4500 606169253 CHVBK 20210128100711.0 cr unu---uuuuu 210128e20151001xx s 000 0 eng 10.1007/s10098-015-0927-8 doi (NATIONALLICENCE)springer-10.1007/s10098-015-0927-8 Forward osmosis: an alternative sustainable technology and potential applications in water industry [Elektronische Daten] [Peter Nasr, Hani Sewilam] This paper presents an advancing sustainable membrane-based separation process, which is forward osmosis (FO). The review begins with an introduction of the basic principles of the FO process. Then, a comparison to the most currently well-known desalination technology (RO) is presented. Following section summarizes potential applications of FO in the water desalination field, producing either potable water or irrigation water from brackish/saline feeds. Next, two major FO applications in the domain of water reuse are discussed: wastewater and industrial applications. Wastewater applications are such as OSMBR and landfill leachate treatment; and Industrial applications include oil and gas, pharmaceutical, and food and beverage industries. These different FO applications are briefly reviewed and assessed. Although FO has attracted growing attention in many potential applications, it still experiences several considerable limitations, including concentration polarization, membrane fouling, reverse solute diffusion, and need for membrane and draw solution development. Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg, 2015 Desalination nationallicence Forward osmosis nationallicence Reverse osmosis nationallicence Wastewater treatment nationallicence Water industry nationallicence Sustainability nationallicence Nasr Peter Environmental Engineering Program, Department of Construction and Architectural Engineering, American University in Cairo, Cairo, Egypt aut Sewilam Hani American University in Cairo, Cairo, Egypt aut Clean Technologies and Environmental Policy Springer Berlin Heidelberg 17/7(2015-10-01), 2079-2090 1618-954X 17:7<2079 2015 17 10098 https://doi.org/10.1007/s10098-015-0927-8 text/html Onlinezugriff via DOI BK010053 XK010053 XK010000 Metadata rights reserved Springer special CC-BY-NC licence nationallicence 1 research-article jats NATIONALLICENCE NATIONALLICENCE NL-springer NATIONALLICENCE 856 40 https://doi.org/10.1007/s10098-015-0927-8 text/html Onlinezugriff via DOI NATIONALLICENCE 700 1- Nasr Peter Environmental Engineering Program, Department of Construction and Architectural Engineering, American University in Cairo, Cairo, Egypt aut NATIONALLICENCE 700 1- Sewilam Hani American University in Cairo, Cairo, Egypt aut NATIONALLICENCE 773 0- Clean Technologies and Environmental Policy Springer Berlin Heidelberg 17/7(2015-10-01), 2079-2090 1618-954X 17:7<2079 2015 17 10098