caa a22 4500 606170294 CHVBK 20210128100716.0 cr unu---uuuuu 210128e20150601xx s 000 0 eng 10.1007/s10098-015-0951-8 doi (NATIONALLICENCE)springer-10.1007/s10098-015-0951-8 Designing an inherently healthier process based on inherently safer design (ISD) concept: research and development stage [Elektronische Daten] [Santha Pandian, Mimi Hassim, Rex Ng, Markku Hurme] The rate of people dying due to occupational-related diseases is increasing each year. Although designing an inherently safer process can help in reducing the hazard level of a process by its nature without any additional protective, the aspects of health issues still remain unaddressed due to less research work carried out. Having said this, it is always a good and preferred practice to assess the health hazards as early as research and development (R&D) stage. At this stage, selection of the chemical synthesis routes is yet to be decided, and therefore, any modifications required can be done with minimal cost impact. Thus far, several works have been done in relation to occupational health especially by adapting the inherently safer design (ISD) principles (minimization, substitution, moderation, and simplification). However, most of them were only applicable for later stages of process design (preliminary design and basic engineering) and not in R&D stage. This paper proposes a systematic methodology for designing an inherently healthier process during the R&D stage using ISD principles. A flowchart that summarizes the proposed methodology is developed in guiding the user to reduce the hazard level of a process by analyzing the outcome of the prior health hazard assessment conducted to design a safer and healthier process. A case study on methyl methacrylate production is used to demonstrate the proposed methodology. Graphical Abstract: Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg, 2015 Inherent occupational health nationallicence Inherently safer design nationallicence Process design nationallicence R&D nationallicence Health hazard nationallicence Pandian Santha Department of Chemical Engineering/Institute Centre of Hydrogen Economy, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia (UTM), 81310, Johor Bahru, Johor, Malaysia aut Hassim Mimi Department of Chemical Engineering/Institute Centre of Hydrogen Economy, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia (UTM), 81310, Johor Bahru, Johor, Malaysia aut Ng Rex Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 53706, Madison, WI, USA aut Hurme Markku School of Biotechnology and Chemical Technology, Aalto University, P.O. Box 16100, 00076, Aalto, Finland aut Clean Technologies and Environmental Policy Springer Berlin Heidelberg 17/5(2015-06-01), 1247-1259 1618-954X 17:5<1247 2015 17 10098 https://doi.org/10.1007/s10098-015-0951-8 text/html Onlinezugriff via DOI BK010053 XK010053 XK010000 Metadata rights reserved Springer special CC-BY-NC licence nationallicence 1 research-article jats NATIONALLICENCE NATIONALLICENCE NL-springer NATIONALLICENCE 856 40 https://doi.org/10.1007/s10098-015-0951-8 text/html Onlinezugriff via DOI NATIONALLICENCE 700 1- Pandian Santha Department of Chemical Engineering/Institute Centre of Hydrogen Economy, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia (UTM), 81310, Johor Bahru, Johor, Malaysia aut NATIONALLICENCE 700 1- Hassim Mimi Department of Chemical Engineering/Institute Centre of Hydrogen Economy, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia (UTM), 81310, Johor Bahru, Johor, Malaysia aut NATIONALLICENCE 700 1- Ng Rex Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 53706, Madison, WI, USA aut NATIONALLICENCE 700 1- Hurme Markku School of Biotechnology and Chemical Technology, Aalto University, P.O. Box 16100, 00076, Aalto, Finland aut NATIONALLICENCE 773 0- Clean Technologies and Environmental Policy Springer Berlin Heidelberg 17/5(2015-06-01), 1247-1259 1618-954X 17:5<1247 2015 17 10098