caa a22 4500 60617415X CHVBK 20210128100736.0 cr unu---uuuuu 210128e20150401xx s 000 0 eng 10.1007/s11244-015-0374-0 doi (NATIONALLICENCE)springer-10.1007/s11244-015-0374-0 Effect of Ionic Radius of Rare Earth on USY Zeolite in Fluid Catalytic Cracking: Fundamentals and Commercial Application [Elektronische Daten] [Yuying Shu, Arnaud Travert, Rosann Schiller, Michael Ziebarth, Richard Wormsbecher, Wu-Cheng Cheng] The ultrastable Y zeolite (USY) in fluid cracking catalyst is commonly stabilized by ion-exchange with rare earth (RE) cations. The RE-exchange provides hydrothermal stability to the zeolite by improving surface area retention, as well as inhibiting dealumination, resulting in greater preservation of acid sites. Though La and Ce are commonly used in fluid catalytic cracking (FCC) catalysts, we have observed that the stability of REUSY catalysts improves as the ionic radius of the RE cation decreases. In this paper, we compare the activity and selectivity of REUSY catalysts, stabilized with La and heavy (Ho, Er, and Yb) rare earth cations, the latter having a smaller ionic radius, due to the well-known phenomenon of lanthanide contraction. The experimental data show that a significant improvement in catalytic activity is achieved when RE elements having a smaller ionic radius are used to make the REUSY catalyst. Yttrium is even more effective than the heavier lanthanides in stabilizing Y-zeolite, leading to higher cracking activity and gasoline selectivity under a variety of deactivation conditions. These benefits of yttrium exchange does not only result from a larger resistance to dealumination, but also to an increase of the catalyst intrinsic cracking activity, which may be explained by changes in the adsorption of hydrocarbons at the active sites. Examples of commercial applications of yttrium-based FCC catalysts are given. Springer Science+Business Media New York, 2015 Fluid catalytic cracking nationallicence USY zeolite nationallicence Rare earths exchanged zeolite nationallicence Lanthanide contraction nationallicence Yttrium nationallicence Shu Yuying Catalysts Technologies, W. R. Grace, Columbia, MD, USA aut Travert Arnaud Laboratoire Catalyse et Spectrochimie, ENSICAEN, Université de Caen, CNRS, 6, Boulevard du Maréchal Juin, 14050, Caen, France aut Schiller Rosann Catalysts Technologies, W. R. Grace, Columbia, MD, USA aut Ziebarth Michael Catalysts Technologies, W. R. Grace, Columbia, MD, USA aut Wormsbecher Richard Catalysts Technologies, W. R. Grace, Columbia, MD, USA aut Cheng Wu-Cheng Catalysts Technologies, W. R. Grace, Columbia, MD, USA aut Topics in Catalysis Springer US; http://www.springer-ny.com 58/4-6(2015-04-01), 334-342 1022-5528 58:4-6<334 2015 58 11244 https://doi.org/10.1007/s11244-015-0374-0 text/html Onlinezugriff via DOI BK010053 XK010053 XK010000 Metadata rights reserved Springer special CC-BY-NC licence nationallicence 1 research-article jats NATIONALLICENCE NATIONALLICENCE NL-springer NATIONALLICENCE 856 40 https://doi.org/10.1007/s11244-015-0374-0 text/html Onlinezugriff via DOI NATIONALLICENCE 700 1- Shu Yuying Catalysts Technologies, W. R. Grace, Columbia, MD, USA aut NATIONALLICENCE 700 1- Travert Arnaud Laboratoire Catalyse et Spectrochimie, ENSICAEN, Université de Caen, CNRS, 6, Boulevard du Maréchal Juin, 14050, Caen, France aut NATIONALLICENCE 700 1- Schiller Rosann Catalysts Technologies, W. R. Grace, Columbia, MD, USA aut NATIONALLICENCE 700 1- Ziebarth Michael Catalysts Technologies, W. R. Grace, Columbia, MD, USA aut NATIONALLICENCE 700 1- Wormsbecher Richard Catalysts Technologies, W. R. Grace, Columbia, MD, USA aut NATIONALLICENCE 700 1- Cheng Wu-Cheng Catalysts Technologies, W. R. Grace, Columbia, MD, USA aut NATIONALLICENCE 773 0- Topics in Catalysis Springer US; http://www.springer-ny.com 58/4-6(2015-04-01), 334-342 1022-5528 58:4-6<334 2015 58 11244