caa a22 4500 606175032 CHVBK 20210128100741.0 cr unu---uuuuu 210128e20150301xx s 000 0 eng 10.1007/s00018-014-1787-9 doi (NATIONALLICENCE)springer-10.1007/s00018-014-1787-9 Thalamus pathology in multiple sclerosis: from biology to clinical application [Elektronische Daten] [Markus Kipp, Nina Wagenknecht, Cordian Beyer, Sebastian Samer, Jens Wuerfel, Omid Nikoubashman] There is a broad consensus that MS represents more than an inflammatory disease: it harbors several characteristic aspects of a classical neurodegenerative disorder, i.e. damage to axons, synapses and nerve cell bodies. While the clinician is equipped with appropriate tools to dampen peripheral cell recruitment and, thus, is able to prevent immune-cell driven relapses, effective therapeutic options to prevent the simultaneously progressing neurodegeneration are still missing. Furthermore, while several sophisticated paraclinical methods exist to monitor the inflammatory-driven aspects of the disease, techniques to monitor progression of early neurodegeneration are still in their infancy and have not been convincingly validated. In this review article, we aim to elaborate why the thalamus with its multiple reciprocal connections is sensitive to pathological processes occurring in different brain regions, thus acting as a "barometer” for diffuse brain parenchymal damage in MS. The thalamus might be, thus, an ideal region of interest to test the effectiveness of new neuroprotective MS drugs. Especially, we will address underlying pathological mechanisms operant during thalamus degeneration in MS, such as trans-neuronal or Wallerian degeneration. Furthermore, we aim at giving an overview about different paraclinical methods used to estimate the extent of thalamic pathology in MS patients, and we discuss their limitations. Finally, thalamus involvement in different MS animal models will be described, and their relevance for the design of preclinical trials elaborated. Springer Basel, 2014 Demyelination nationallicence Remyelination nationallicence Axonal damage nationallicence Neuroprotection nationallicence Neurodegeneration nationallicence Imaging nationallicence Kipp Markus Institute of Neuroanatomy, Faculty of Medicine, RWTH Aachen University, Wendlingweg 2, 52074, Aachen, Germany aut Wagenknecht Nina Institute of Neuroanatomy, Faculty of Medicine, RWTH Aachen University, Wendlingweg 2, 52074, Aachen, Germany aut Beyer Cordian Institute of Neuroanatomy, Faculty of Medicine, RWTH Aachen University, Wendlingweg 2, 52074, Aachen, Germany aut Samer Sebastian Institute of Neuroanatomy, Faculty of Medicine, RWTH Aachen University, Wendlingweg 2, 52074, Aachen, Germany aut Wuerfel Jens Institute of Diagnostic and Interventional Neuroradiology, University Medicine Goettingen, 37075, Göttingen, Germany aut Nikoubashman Omid Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Neuroradiology, University Hospital Aachen, 52074, Aachen, Germany aut Cellular and Molecular Life Sciences Springer Basel 72/6(2015-03-01), 1127-1147 1420-682X 72:6<1127 2015 72 18 https://doi.org/10.1007/s00018-014-1787-9 text/html Onlinezugriff via DOI BK010053 XK010053 XK010000 Metadata rights reserved Springer special CC-BY-NC licence nationallicence 1 review-article jats NATIONALLICENCE NATIONALLICENCE NL-springer NATIONALLICENCE 856 40 https://doi.org/10.1007/s00018-014-1787-9 text/html Onlinezugriff via DOI NATIONALLICENCE 700 1- Kipp Markus Institute of Neuroanatomy, Faculty of Medicine, RWTH Aachen University, Wendlingweg 2, 52074, Aachen, Germany aut NATIONALLICENCE 700 1- Wagenknecht Nina Institute of Neuroanatomy, Faculty of Medicine, RWTH Aachen University, Wendlingweg 2, 52074, Aachen, Germany aut NATIONALLICENCE 700 1- Beyer Cordian Institute of Neuroanatomy, Faculty of Medicine, RWTH Aachen University, Wendlingweg 2, 52074, Aachen, Germany aut NATIONALLICENCE 700 1- Samer Sebastian Institute of Neuroanatomy, Faculty of Medicine, RWTH Aachen University, Wendlingweg 2, 52074, Aachen, Germany aut NATIONALLICENCE 700 1- Wuerfel Jens Institute of Diagnostic and Interventional Neuroradiology, University Medicine Goettingen, 37075, Göttingen, Germany aut NATIONALLICENCE 700 1- Nikoubashman Omid Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Neuroradiology, University Hospital Aachen, 52074, Aachen, Germany aut NATIONALLICENCE 773 0- Cellular and Molecular Life Sciences Springer Basel 72/6(2015-03-01), 1127-1147 1420-682X 72:6<1127 2015 72 18