caa a22 4500 60617513X CHVBK 20210128100741.0 cr unu---uuuuu 210128e20151001xx s 000 0 eng 10.1007/s00018-015-1982-3 doi (NATIONALLICENCE)springer-10.1007/s00018-015-1982-3 DAG tales: the multiple faces of diacylglycerol—stereochemistry, metabolism, and signaling [Elektronische Daten] [Thomas Eichmann, Achim Lass] The neutral lipids diacylglycerols (DAGs) are involved in a plethora of metabolic pathways. They function as components of cellular membranes, as building blocks for glycero(phospho)lipids, and as lipid second messengers. Considering their central role in multiple metabolic processes and signaling pathways, cellular DAG levels require a tight regulation to ensure a constant and controlled availability. Interestingly, DAG species are versatile in their chemical structure. Besides the different fatty acid species esterified to the glycerol backbone, DAGs can occur in three different stereo/regioisoforms, each with unique biological properties. Recent scientific advances have revealed that DAG metabolizing enzymes generate and distinguish different DAG isoforms, and that only one DAG isoform holds signaling properties. Herein, we review the current knowledge of DAG stereochemistry and their impact on cellular metabolism and signaling. Further, we describe intracellular DAG turnover and its stereochemistry in a 3-pool model to illustrate the spatial and stereochemical separation and hereby the diversity of cellular DAG metabolism. The Author(s), 2015 Lipase nationallicence Hydrolase nationallicence Acyltransferase nationallicence Kinase nationallicence Insulin nationallicence 2-AG : 2-Arachidonoyl glycerol nationallicence AGPAT : Acyl-CoA acylglycerol-3-phosphate acyltransferase nationallicence ATGL : Adipose triglyceride lipase nationallicence BAT : Brown adipose tissue nationallicence BSSL/CEL : Bile salt-stimulated lipase/carboxyl ester lipase nationallicence CGI-58 : Comparative gene identification-58 nationallicence CE : Cholesteryl ester nationallicence CEPT : CDP-ethanolamine/choline:1,2-diacylglycerol ethanolaminephosphotransferase nationallicence CPT : CDP-choline:1,2-diacylglycerol ethanolaminephosphotransferase nationallicence DAG : Diacylglycerol nationallicence DAGL : DAG lipase nationallicence DGAT : DAG-O-acyltransferase nationallicence DGK : DAG kinase nationallicence EPT : CDP-ethanolamine:1,2-diacylglycerol ethanolaminephosphotransferase nationallicence ER : Endoplasmic reticulum nationallicence FA : Fatty acid nationallicence G3P : Glycerol-3-phosphate nationallicence GL : Gastric lipase nationallicence GLUT4 : Glucose transporter 4 nationallicence GPAT : Glycerol-3-phosphate acyltransferase nationallicence HSL : Hormone-sensitive lipase nationallicence IR : Insulin resistance nationallicence IRS : Insulin receptor substrate nationallicence LD : Lipid droplet nationallicence LL : Lingual lipase nationallicence LPA : Lysophosphatidic acid nationallicence LPL : Lipoprotein lipase nationallicence MAG : Monoacylglycerol nationallicence MGAT : Monoacylglycerol-O-acyltransferase nationallicence PA : Phosphatidic acid nationallicence PAP : PA phosphohydrolase/lipin nationallicence PC : Phosphatidylcholine nationallicence PDK : 3-Phosphoinositide-dependent protein kinase nationallicence PE : Phosphatidylethanolamine nationallicence PI : Phosphatidylinositol nationallicence PI3K : Phosphatidylinositide-3-kinase nationallicence PIP : Phosphatidylinositolphosphate nationallicence PIP2 : Phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate nationallicence PKB/Akt : Protein kinase B nationallicence PKC : Protein kinase C nationallicence PKD : Protein kinase D nationallicence PL : Phospholipid nationallicence PLA1(2) : Phospholipase A1 (2) nationallicence PLC : Phospholipase C nationallicence PLD : Phospholipase D nationallicence PLRP : Pancreatic lipase-related protein nationallicence PNPLA : Patatin-like phospholipase domain containing nationallicence PS : Phosphatidylserine nationallicence PTL : Pancreatic triglyceride lipase/colipase nationallicence RE : Retinyl ester nationallicence SMS : Sphingomyelin synthase nationallicence SMSr : SMS-related protein nationallicence TGH/Ces3 : Triacylglycerol hydrolase/carboxylesterase 3 nationallicence TAG : Triacylglycerol nationallicence TRPC : Transient receptor potential canonical nationallicence WAT : White adipose tissue nationallicence Eichmann Thomas Institute of Molecular Biosciences, University of Graz, Heinrichstrasse 31/2, 8010, Graz, Austria aut Lass Achim Institute of Molecular Biosciences, University of Graz, Heinrichstrasse 31/2, 8010, Graz, Austria aut Cellular and Molecular Life Sciences Springer Basel 72/20(2015-10-01), 3931-3952 1420-682X 72:20<3931 2015 72 18 https://doi.org/10.1007/s00018-015-1982-3 text/html Onlinezugriff via DOI BK010053 XK010053 XK010000 Metadata rights reserved Springer special CC-BY-NC licence nationallicence 1 review-article jats NATIONALLICENCE NATIONALLICENCE NL-springer NATIONALLICENCE 856 40 https://doi.org/10.1007/s00018-015-1982-3 text/html Onlinezugriff via DOI NATIONALLICENCE 700 1- Eichmann Thomas Institute of Molecular Biosciences, University of Graz, Heinrichstrasse 31/2, 8010, Graz, Austria aut NATIONALLICENCE 700 1- Lass Achim Institute of Molecular Biosciences, University of Graz, Heinrichstrasse 31/2, 8010, Graz, Austria aut NATIONALLICENCE 773 0- Cellular and Molecular Life Sciences Springer Basel 72/20(2015-10-01), 3931-3952 1420-682X 72:20<3931 2015 72 18