caa a22 4500 606175148 CHVBK 20210128100741.0 cr unu---uuuuu 210128e20151001xx s 000 0 eng 10.1007/s00018-015-1954-7 doi (NATIONALLICENCE)springer-10.1007/s00018-015-1954-7 Differential control of muscle mass in type 1 and type 2 diabetes mellitus [Elektronische Daten] [David Sala, Antonio Zorzano] Diabetes mellitus—whether driven by insulin deficiency or insulin resistance—causes major alterations in muscle metabolism. These alterations have an impact on nutrient handling, including the metabolism of glucose, lipids, and amino acids, and also on muscle mass and strength. However, the ways in which the distinct forms of diabetes affect muscle mass differ greatly. The most common forms of diabetes mellitus are type 1 and type 2. Thus, whereas type 1 diabetic subjects without insulin treatment display a dramatic loss of muscle, most type 2 diabetic subjects show no changes or even an increase in muscle mass. However, the most commonly used rodent models of type 2 diabetes are characterized by muscle atrophy and do not mimic the features of the disease in humans in terms of muscle mass. In this review, we analyze the processes that are differentially regulated under these forms of diabetes and propose regulatory mechanisms to explain them. Springer Basel, 2015 Muscle atrophy nationallicence Autophagy nationallicence TP53INP2 nationallicence Proteasome nationallicence Proteostasis nationallicence 4EBP : Eukaryotic translation initiation factor 4E-binding protein nationallicence AKT : v-Akt murine thymoma viral oncogene homolog nationallicence Atg4b : Autophagy-related protein 4b nationallicence Atg8 : Autophagy-related protein 8 nationallicence Atg12 : Autophagy-related protein 12 nationallicence ATP : Adenosine triphosphate nationallicence BMI : Body mass index nationallicence Bnip3 : BCL2/adenovirus E1B 19-kDa protein-interacting protein 3 nationallicence Bnip3l : BCL2/adenovirus E1B 19-kDa protein-interacting protein 3-like nationallicence DOR : Diabetes and obesity regulated nationallicence EDL : Extensor digitorum longus nationallicence eIF2B : Eukaryotic translation initiation factor 2B nationallicence eIF4E : Eukaryotic translation initiation factor 4E nationallicence FoxO : Forkhead box O nationallicence GABARAP : Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor-associated protein nationallicence GABARAPL1 : Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor-associated protein-like 1 nationallicence GATE16 : Golgi-associated ATPase enhancer of 16kDa nationallicence GR : Glucocorticoid receptor nationallicence GSK3β : Glycogen synthase kinase 3 beta nationallicence GTP : Guanosine triphosphate nationallicence IGF-1 : Insulin-like growth factor-1 nationallicence IL-6 : Interleukin-6 nationallicence IRS : Insulin receptor substrate nationallicence LC3 : Microtubule-associated protein 1 light chain 3 nationallicence Lep : Leptin nationallicence Lepr : Leptin receptor nationallicence MuRF1 : Muscle RING finger 1 nationallicence mTOR : Mammalian target of rapamycin nationallicence mTORC1 : Mammalian target of rapamycin complex 1 nationallicence mTORC2 : Mammalian target of rapamycin complex 2 nationallicence PDK1 : 3-Phosphoinositide-dependent protein kinase-1 nationallicence PI3K : Phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase nationallicence PML : Promyelocytic leukemia nationallicence PPARγ : Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma nationallicence Rheb : Ras homolog enriched in brain nationallicence STAT3 : Signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 nationallicence S6 : Ribosomal protein S6 nationallicence S6K1 : Ribosomal protein S6 kinase 1 nationallicence S6K2 : Ribosomal protein S6 kinase 2 nationallicence TNFα : Tumor necrosis factor α nationallicence TP53INP1 : Tumor protein p53-inducible nuclear protein 1 nationallicence TP53INP2 : Tumor protein p53-inducible nuclear protein 2 nationallicence TRα1 : Thyroid hormone receptor alpha large isoform nationallicence TSC1 : Tuberous sclerosis complex 1 nationallicence TSC2 : Tuberous sclerosis complex 2 nationallicence ULK1 : Unc-51-like autophagy-activating kinase 1 nationallicence UPS : Ubiquitin proteasome system nationallicence Vps34 : Phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase Vps34 nationallicence VDR : Vitamin D3 receptor nationallicence Sala David Development, Aging and Regeneration Program (DARe), Sanford-Burnham Medical Research Institute, 10901 North Torrey Pines Rd, 92037, La Jolla, CA, USA aut Zorzano Antonio Institute for Research in Biomedicine (IRB Barcelona), C/Baldiri Reixac 10, 08028, Barcelona, Spain aut Cellular and Molecular Life Sciences Springer Basel 72/20(2015-10-01), 3803-3817 1420-682X 72:20<3803 2015 72 18 https://doi.org/10.1007/s00018-015-1954-7 text/html Onlinezugriff via DOI BK010053 XK010053 XK010000 Metadata rights reserved Springer special CC-BY-NC licence nationallicence 1 review-article jats NATIONALLICENCE NATIONALLICENCE NL-springer NATIONALLICENCE 856 40 https://doi.org/10.1007/s00018-015-1954-7 text/html Onlinezugriff via DOI NATIONALLICENCE 700 1- Sala David Development, Aging and Regeneration Program (DARe), Sanford-Burnham Medical Research Institute, 10901 North Torrey Pines Rd, 92037, La Jolla, CA, USA aut NATIONALLICENCE 700 1- Zorzano Antonio Institute for Research in Biomedicine (IRB Barcelona), C/Baldiri Reixac 10, 08028, Barcelona, Spain aut NATIONALLICENCE 773 0- Cellular and Molecular Life Sciences Springer Basel 72/20(2015-10-01), 3803-3817 1420-682X 72:20<3803 2015 72 18