caa a22 4500 606176101 CHVBK 20210128100746.0 cr unu---uuuuu 210128e20150501xx s 000 0 eng 10.1007/s00018-015-1844-z doi (NATIONALLICENCE)springer-10.1007/s00018-015-1844-z Privileged frameworks from snake venom [Elektronische Daten] [T. Reeks, B. Fry, P. Alewood] Venom as a form of chemical prey capture is a key innovation that has underpinned the explosive radiation of the advanced snakes (Caenophidia). Small venom proteins are often rich in disulfide bonds thus facilitating stable molecular scaffolds that present key functional residues on the protein surface. New toxin types are initially developed through the venom gland over-expression of normal body proteins, their subsequent gene duplication and diversification that leads to neofunctionalisation as random mutations modify their structure and function. This process has led to preferentially selected (privileged) cysteine-rich scaffolds that enable the snake to build arrays of toxins many of which may lead to therapeutic products and research tools. This review focuses on cysteine-rich small proteins and peptides found in snake venoms spanning natriuretic peptides to phospholipase enzymes, while highlighting their three-dimensional structures and biological functions as well as their potential as therapeutic agents or research tools. Springer Basel, 2015 Snake toxins nationallicence Venom peptides nationallicence Privileged frameworks nationallicence Cysteine bridges nationallicence Molecular scaffolds nationallicence Structure-activity relationships nationallicence Disulfide nationallicence Reeks T. Institute for Molecular Bioscience, The University of Queensland, 4072, St Lucia, QLD, Australia aut Fry B. Venom Evolution Lab, School of Biological Sciences, The University of Queensland, 4072, St Lucia, QLD, Australia aut Alewood P. Institute for Molecular Bioscience, The University of Queensland, 4072, St Lucia, QLD, Australia aut Cellular and Molecular Life Sciences Springer Basel 72/10(2015-05-01), 1939-1958 1420-682X 72:10<1939 2015 72 18 https://doi.org/10.1007/s00018-015-1844-z text/html Onlinezugriff via DOI BK010053 XK010053 XK010000 Metadata rights reserved Springer special CC-BY-NC licence nationallicence 1 review-article jats NATIONALLICENCE NATIONALLICENCE NL-springer NATIONALLICENCE 856 40 https://doi.org/10.1007/s00018-015-1844-z text/html Onlinezugriff via DOI NATIONALLICENCE 700 1- Reeks T. Institute for Molecular Bioscience, The University of Queensland, 4072, St Lucia, QLD, Australia aut NATIONALLICENCE 700 1- Fry B. Venom Evolution Lab, School of Biological Sciences, The University of Queensland, 4072, St Lucia, QLD, Australia aut NATIONALLICENCE 700 1- Alewood P. Institute for Molecular Bioscience, The University of Queensland, 4072, St Lucia, QLD, Australia aut NATIONALLICENCE 773 0- Cellular and Molecular Life Sciences Springer Basel 72/10(2015-05-01), 1939-1958 1420-682X 72:10<1939 2015 72 18