caa a22 4500 606176179 CHVBK 20210128100746.0 cr unu---uuuuu 210128e20151201xx s 000 0 eng 10.1007/s00018-015-2037-5 doi (NATIONALLICENCE)springer-10.1007/s00018-015-2037-5 Diverse regulation of 3′ splice site usage [Elektronische Daten] [Muhammad Sohail, Jiuyong Xie] The regulation of splice site (SS) usage is important for alternative pre-mRNA splicing and thus proper expression of protein isoforms in cells; its disruption causes diseases. In recent years, an increasing number of novel regulatory elements have been found within or nearby the 3′SS in mammalian genes. The diverse elements recruit a repertoire of trans-acting factors or form secondary structures to regulate 3′SS usage, mostly at the early steps of spliceosome assembly. Their mechanisms of action mainly include: (1) competition between the factors for RNA elements, (2) steric hindrance between the factors, (3) direct interaction between the factors, (4) competition between two splice sites, or (5) local RNA secondary structures or longer range loops, according to the mode of protein/RNA interactions. Beyond the 3′SS, chromatin remodeling/transcription, posttranslational modifications of trans-acting factors and upstream signaling provide further layers of regulation. Evolutionarily, some of the 3′SS elements seem to have emerged in mammalian ancestors. Moreover, other possibilities of regulation such as that by non-coding RNA remain to be explored. It is thus likely that there are more diverse elements/factors and mechanisms that influence the choice of an intron end. The diverse regulation likely contributes to a more complex but refined transcriptome and proteome in mammals. Springer Basel, 2015 Alternative splicing nationallicence RNA element nationallicence Splicing factor nationallicence Secondary structure nationallicence Evolution nationallicence Sohail Muhammad Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, College of Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Manitoba, R3E 0J9, Winnipeg, MB, Canada aut Xie Jiuyong Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, College of Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Manitoba, R3E 0J9, Winnipeg, MB, Canada aut Cellular and Molecular Life Sciences Springer International Publishing 72/24(2015-12-01), 4771-4793 1420-682X 72:24<4771 2015 72 18 https://doi.org/10.1007/s00018-015-2037-5 text/html Onlinezugriff via DOI BK010053 XK010053 XK010000 Metadata rights reserved Springer special CC-BY-NC licence nationallicence 1 review-article jats NATIONALLICENCE NATIONALLICENCE NL-springer NATIONALLICENCE 856 40 https://doi.org/10.1007/s00018-015-2037-5 text/html Onlinezugriff via DOI NATIONALLICENCE 700 1- Sohail Muhammad Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, College of Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Manitoba, R3E 0J9, Winnipeg, MB, Canada aut NATIONALLICENCE 700 1- Xie Jiuyong Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, College of Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Manitoba, R3E 0J9, Winnipeg, MB, Canada aut NATIONALLICENCE 773 0- Cellular and Molecular Life Sciences Springer International Publishing 72/24(2015-12-01), 4771-4793 1420-682X 72:24<4771 2015 72 18