caa a22 4500 606176306 CHVBK 20210128100747.0 cr unu---uuuuu 210128e20150901xx s 000 0 eng 10.1007/s00018-015-1929-8 doi (NATIONALLICENCE)springer-10.1007/s00018-015-1929-8 Protein kinase CK2 in breast cancer: the CK2β regulatory subunit takes center stage in epithelial plasticity [Elektronische Daten] [Odile Filhol, Sofia Giacosa, Yann Wallez, Claude Cochet] Structurally, protein kinase CK2 consists of two catalytic subunits (α and α′) and two regulatory subunits (β), which play a critical role in targeting specific CK2 substrates. Compelling evidence shows the complexity of the CK2 cellular signaling network and supports the view that this enzyme is a key component of regulatory protein kinase networks that are involved in several aspects of cancer. CK2 both activates and suppresses the expression of a number of essential oncogenes and tumor suppressors, and its expression and activity are upregulated in blood tumors and virtually all solid tumors. The prognostic significance of CK2α expression in association with various clinicopathological parameters highlighted this kinase as an adverse prognostic marker in breast cancer. In addition, several recent studies reported its implication in the regulation of the epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT), an early step in cancer invasion and metastasis. In this review, we briefly overview the contribution of CK2 to several aspects of cancer and discuss how in mammary epithelial cells, the expression of its CK2β regulatory subunit plays a critical role in maintaining an epithelial phenotype through CK2-mediated control of key EMT-related transcription factors. Importantly, decreased CK2β expression in breast tumors is correlated with inefficient phosphorylation and nuclear translocation of Snail1 and Foxc2, ultimately leading to EMT induction. This review highlights the pivotal role played by CK2β in the mammary epithelial phenotype and discusses how a modest alteration in its expression may be sufficient to induce dramatic effects facilitating the early steps in tumor cell dissemination through the coordinated regulation of two key transcription factors. Springer Basel, 2015 Protein kinase CK2 catalytic subunit (CK2α) nationallicence Protein kinase CK2 regulatory subunit (CK2β) nationallicence Substrate specificity nationallicence Asymmetric subunit expression nationallicence Glycogen synthase kinase 3 beta (GSK3β) nationallicence Epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT) nationallicence Zinc finger protein Snail1 nationallicence Forkhead box protein C2 (Foxc2) nationallicence Homeobox protein SIX1 nationallicence Hallmarks of cancer nationallicence Filhol Odile Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, U1036, Grenoble, France aut Giacosa Sofia Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, U1036, Grenoble, France aut Wallez Yann Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, U1036, Grenoble, France aut Cochet Claude Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, U1036, Grenoble, France aut Cellular and Molecular Life Sciences Springer Basel 72/17(2015-09-01), 3305-3322 1420-682X 72:17<3305 2015 72 18 https://doi.org/10.1007/s00018-015-1929-8 text/html Onlinezugriff via DOI BK010053 XK010053 XK010000 Metadata rights reserved Springer special CC-BY-NC licence nationallicence 1 review-article jats NATIONALLICENCE NATIONALLICENCE NL-springer NATIONALLICENCE 856 40 https://doi.org/10.1007/s00018-015-1929-8 text/html Onlinezugriff via DOI NATIONALLICENCE 700 1- Filhol Odile Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, U1036, Grenoble, France aut NATIONALLICENCE 700 1- Giacosa Sofia Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, U1036, Grenoble, France aut NATIONALLICENCE 700 1- Wallez Yann Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, U1036, Grenoble, France aut NATIONALLICENCE 700 1- Cochet Claude Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, U1036, Grenoble, France aut NATIONALLICENCE 773 0- Cellular and Molecular Life Sciences Springer Basel 72/17(2015-09-01), 3305-3322 1420-682X 72:17<3305 2015 72 18