caa a22 4500 606176950 CHVBK 20210128100749.0 cr unu---uuuuu 210128e20151201xx s 000 0 eng 10.1007/s00018-015-2012-1 doi (NATIONALLICENCE)springer-10.1007/s00018-015-2012-1 Pharmacologic overview of Withania somnifera, the Indian Ginseng [Elektronische Daten] [Nawab Dar, Abid Hamid, Muzamil Ahmad] Withania somnifera, also called ‘Indian ginseng', is an important medicinal plant of the Indian subcontinent. It is widely used, singly or in combination, with other herbs against many ailments in Indian Systems of Medicine since time immemorial. Withania somnifera contains a spectrum of diverse phytochemicals enabling it to have a broad range of biological implications. In preclinical studies, it has shown anti-microbial, anti-inflammatory, anti-tumor, anti-stress, neuroprotective, cardioprotective, and anti-diabetic properties. Additionally, it has demonstrated the ability to reduce reactive oxygen species, modulate mitochondrial function, regulate apoptosis, and reduce inflammation and enhance endothelial function. In view of these pharmacologic properties, W. somnifera is a potential drug candidate to treat various clinical conditions, particularly related to the nervous system. In this review, we summarize the pharmacologic characteristics and discuss the mechanisms of action and potential therapeutic applications of the plant and its active constituents. Springer Basel, 2015 Withania somnifera nationallicence Anti-bacterial nationallicence Anti-inflammatory nationallicence Anti-arthritic nationallicence Anti-cancer nationallicence Cardio-protective nationallicence Anti-diabetic nationallicence Anti-stress nationallicence Parkinson's disease nationallicence Alzheimer's disease nationallicence Stroke hypoxia nationallicence TNF-α : Tumor necrosis factor-α nationallicence IL-1β : Interleukin-1β nationallicence NFκ-β : Nuclear factor kappa-β nationallicence NO : Nitric oxide nationallicence ROS : Reactive oxygen species nationallicence PARP-1 : Poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase-1 nationallicence pMCAO : Permanent middle cerebral artery occlusion nationallicence GFAP : Glial fibrillary acidic protein nationallicence 6OHDA : 6-hydroxydopamine nationallicence Dar Nawab Neuropharmacology Laboratory, Indian Institute of Integrative Medicine-CSIR, Sanat Nagar, 190005, Srinagar, India aut Hamid Abid Cancer Pharmacology Division, Indian Institute of Integrative Medicine-CSIR, Canal Road, 180001, Jammu, India aut Ahmad Muzamil Neuropharmacology Laboratory, Indian Institute of Integrative Medicine-CSIR, Sanat Nagar, 190005, Srinagar, India aut Cellular and Molecular Life Sciences Springer International Publishing 72/23(2015-12-01), 4445-4460 1420-682X 72:23<4445 2015 72 18 https://doi.org/10.1007/s00018-015-2012-1 text/html Onlinezugriff via DOI BK010053 XK010053 XK010000 Metadata rights reserved Springer special CC-BY-NC licence nationallicence 1 review-article jats NATIONALLICENCE NATIONALLICENCE NL-springer NATIONALLICENCE 856 40 https://doi.org/10.1007/s00018-015-2012-1 text/html Onlinezugriff via DOI NATIONALLICENCE 700 1- Dar Nawab Neuropharmacology Laboratory, Indian Institute of Integrative Medicine-CSIR, Sanat Nagar, 190005, Srinagar, India aut NATIONALLICENCE 700 1- Hamid Abid Cancer Pharmacology Division, Indian Institute of Integrative Medicine-CSIR, Canal Road, 180001, Jammu, India aut NATIONALLICENCE 700 1- Ahmad Muzamil Neuropharmacology Laboratory, Indian Institute of Integrative Medicine-CSIR, Sanat Nagar, 190005, Srinagar, India aut NATIONALLICENCE 773 0- Cellular and Molecular Life Sciences Springer International Publishing 72/23(2015-12-01), 4445-4460 1420-682X 72:23<4445 2015 72 18