caa a22 4500 606177078 CHVBK 20210128100750.0 cr unu---uuuuu 210128e20150101xx s 000 0 eng 10.1007/s00018-014-1736-7 doi (NATIONALLICENCE)springer-10.1007/s00018-014-1736-7 Taste receptors in innate immunity [Elektronische Daten] [Robert Lee, Noam Cohen] Taste receptors were first identified on the tongue, where they initiate a signaling pathway that communicates information to the brain about the nutrient content or potential toxicity of ingested foods. However, recent research has shown that taste receptors are also expressed in a myriad of other tissues, from the airway and gastrointestinal epithelia to the pancreas and brain. The functions of many of these extraoral taste receptors remain unknown, but emerging evidence suggests that bitter and sweet taste receptors in the airway are important sentinels of innate immunity. This review discusses taste receptor signaling, focusing on the G-protein-coupled receptors that detect bitter, sweet, and savory tastes, followed by an overview of extraoral taste receptors and in-depth discussion of studies demonstrating the roles of taste receptors in airway innate immunity. Future research on extraoral taste receptors has significant potential for identification of novel immune mechanisms and insights into host-pathogen interactions. Springer Basel (outside the USA), 2014 Airway physiology nationallicence Chronic rhinosinusitis nationallicence Epithelial biology nationallicence Host-pathogen interactions nationallicence Respiratory infection nationallicence Interkingdom signaling nationallicence ACh : Acetylcholine nationallicence AHL : Acyl-homoserine lactone nationallicence AMP : Antimicrobial peptide nationallicence ASL : Airway surface liquid nationallicence ATP : Adenosine trisphophate nationallicence C4HSL : N-butyryl-L-homoserine lactone nationallicence C12HSL : N-3-oxo-dodecanoyl-L-homoserine lactone nationallicence CALHM1 : Calcium homeostasis modulator isoform 1 nationallicence cAMP : Cyclic adenosine monophosphate nationallicence CGRP : Calcitonin gene-related peptide nationallicence COPD : Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease nationallicence CRS : Chronic rhinosinusitis nationallicence CSF : Cerebrospinal fluid nationallicence ENaC : Epithelial sodium channel nationallicence ER : Endoplasmic reticulum nationallicence GPCR : G-protein-coupled receptor nationallicence IP3 : Inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate nationallicence IP3R3 : Inositol trisphosphate receptor isoform 3 nationallicence NO : Nitric oxide nationallicence NOS : Nitric oxide synthase nationallicence PDE : Phosphodiesterase nationallicence PKA : cAMP-dependent protein kinase A nationallicence PKG : cGMP-dependent protein kinase G nationallicence PLCβ2 : Phospholipase C isoform β2 nationallicence PROP : Propylthiouracil nationallicence PTC : Phenylthiocarbamide, also known as phenylthiourea nationallicence RNS : Reactive nitrogen species nationallicence ROS : Reactive oxygen species nationallicence SCC : Solitary chemosensory cell nationallicence T1R : Taste receptor family 1 protein isoform nationallicence T2R : Taste receptor family 2 protein isoform nationallicence TAS1R : Taste receptor family 1 gene nationallicence TAS2R : Taste receptor family 2 gene nationallicence TLR : Toll-like receptor nationallicence TRPM5 : Transient receptor potential cation channel subfamily M isoform nationallicence Lee Robert Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Ravdin Building, 5th floor, 19104, Philadelphia, PA, USA aut Cohen Noam Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Ravdin Building, 5th floor, 19104, Philadelphia, PA, USA aut Cellular and Molecular Life Sciences Springer Basel 72/2(2015-01-01), 217-236 1420-682X 72:2<217 2015 72 18 https://doi.org/10.1007/s00018-014-1736-7 text/html Onlinezugriff via DOI BK010053 XK010053 XK010000 Metadata rights reserved Springer special CC-BY-NC licence nationallicence 1 review-article jats NATIONALLICENCE NATIONALLICENCE NL-springer NATIONALLICENCE 856 40 https://doi.org/10.1007/s00018-014-1736-7 text/html Onlinezugriff via DOI NATIONALLICENCE 700 1- Lee Robert Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Ravdin Building, 5th floor, 19104, Philadelphia, PA, USA aut NATIONALLICENCE 700 1- Cohen Noam Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Ravdin Building, 5th floor, 19104, Philadelphia, PA, USA aut NATIONALLICENCE 773 0- Cellular and Molecular Life Sciences Springer Basel 72/2(2015-01-01), 217-236 1420-682X 72:2<217 2015 72 18