caa a22 4500 606177566 CHVBK 20210128100752.0 cr unu---uuuuu 210128e20150601xx s 000 0 eng 10.1007/s00018-015-1857-7 doi (NATIONALLICENCE)springer-10.1007/s00018-015-1857-7 Fat deposition and accumulation in the damaged and inflamed skeletal muscle: cellular and molecular players [Elektronische Daten] [Clara Sciorati, Emilio Clementi, Angelo Manfredi, Patrizia Rovere-Querini] The skeletal muscle has the capacity to repair damage by the activation and differentiation of fiber sub-laminar satellite cells. Regeneration impairment due to reduced satellite cells number and/or functional capacity leads to fiber substitution with ectopic tissues including fat and fibrous tissue and to the loss of muscle functions. Muscle mesenchymal cells that in physiological conditions sustain or directly contribute to regeneration differentiate in adipocytes in patients with persistent damage and inflammation of the skeletal muscle. These cells comprise the fibro-adipogenic precursors, the PW1-expressing cells and some interstitial cells associated with vessels (pericytes, mesoangioblasts and myoendothelial cells). Resident fibroblasts that are responsible for collagen deposition and extracellular matrix remodeling during regeneration yield fibrotic tissue and can differentiate into adipose cells. Some authors have also proposed that satellite cells themselves could transdifferentiate into adipocytes, although recent results by lineage tracing techniques seem to put this theory to discussion. This review summarizes findings about muscle resident mesenchymal cell differentiation in adipocytes and recapitulates the molecular mediators involved in intramuscular adipose tissue deposition. Springer Basel, 2015 Skeletal muscle nationallicence Adipogenesis nationallicence Fibro-adipogenic precursor nationallicence Mesenchymal cells nationallicence Fat nationallicence Nitric oxide nationallicence Satellite cells nationallicence SC : Satellite cells nationallicence MRF : Myogenic regulatory factors nationallicence MHC : Myosin heavy chain nationallicence MEF : Myogenic enhancer factors nationallicence EMC : Extracellular matrix components nationallicence MMP : Matrix metalloproteinases nationallicence PPARγ2 : Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ2 nationallicence UCP1 : Uncoupling protein 1 nationallicence DMD : Duchenne muscular dystrophy nationallicence MRI : Magnetic resonance imaging nationallicence sca-1 : Stem cell antigen 1 nationallicence PDGFR : Platelet-derived growth factor receptor nationallicence FAP : Fibro-adipogenic precursors nationallicence TGFβ1 : Transforming growth factor beta nationallicence SP : Side population nationallicence PIC : PW1-expressing cells nationallicence NG2 : Neural/glial antigen 2 nationallicence PG : Proteoglycans nationallicence miRNAs : MicroRNAs nationallicence HDAC : Histone deacetylases nationallicence WNT : Wingless-type mouse mammary tumor virus integration site family nationallicence BMP : Bone morphogenetic proteins nationallicence IGF1 : Insulin-like growth factor 1 nationallicence IL : Interleukin nationallicence NO : Nitric oxide nationallicence NOS : Nitric oxide synthase nationallicence WT : Wild type nationallicence TSA : Tricostatin A nationallicence αSMA : α-smooth muscle actin nationallicence Sciorati Clara Division of Regenerative Medicine, Stem Cells and Gene Therapy, San Raffaele Scientific Institute, via Olgettina 58, 20132, Milan, Italy aut Clementi Emilio Scientific Institute IRCCS E. Medea, 23842, Bosisio Parini, Lecco, Italy aut Manfredi Angelo Division of Regenerative Medicine, Stem Cells and Gene Therapy, San Raffaele Scientific Institute, via Olgettina 58, 20132, Milan, Italy aut Rovere-Querini Patrizia Division of Regenerative Medicine, Stem Cells and Gene Therapy, San Raffaele Scientific Institute, via Olgettina 58, 20132, Milan, Italy aut Cellular and Molecular Life Sciences Springer Basel 72/11(2015-06-01), 2135-2156 1420-682X 72:11<2135 2015 72 18 https://doi.org/10.1007/s00018-015-1857-7 text/html Onlinezugriff via DOI BK010053 XK010053 XK010000 Metadata rights reserved Springer special CC-BY-NC licence nationallicence 1 review-article jats NATIONALLICENCE NATIONALLICENCE NL-springer NATIONALLICENCE 856 40 https://doi.org/10.1007/s00018-015-1857-7 text/html Onlinezugriff via DOI NATIONALLICENCE 700 1- Sciorati Clara Division of Regenerative Medicine, Stem Cells and Gene Therapy, San Raffaele Scientific Institute, via Olgettina 58, 20132, Milan, Italy aut NATIONALLICENCE 700 1- Clementi Emilio Scientific Institute IRCCS E. Medea, 23842, Bosisio Parini, Lecco, Italy aut NATIONALLICENCE 700 1- Manfredi Angelo Division of Regenerative Medicine, Stem Cells and Gene Therapy, San Raffaele Scientific Institute, via Olgettina 58, 20132, Milan, Italy aut NATIONALLICENCE 700 1- Rovere-Querini Patrizia Division of Regenerative Medicine, Stem Cells and Gene Therapy, San Raffaele Scientific Institute, via Olgettina 58, 20132, Milan, Italy aut NATIONALLICENCE 773 0- Cellular and Molecular Life Sciences Springer Basel 72/11(2015-06-01), 2135-2156 1420-682X 72:11<2135 2015 72 18