caa a22 4500 606177620 CHVBK 20210128100753.0 cr unu---uuuuu 210128e20150801xx s 000 0 eng 10.1007/s00018-015-1963-6 doi (NATIONALLICENCE)springer-10.1007/s00018-015-1963-6 Connexins and pannexins in the skeleton: gap junctions, hemichannels and more [Elektronische Daten] [Lilian Plotkin, Joseph Stains] Regulation of bone homeostasis depends on the concerted actions of bone-forming osteoblasts and bone-resorbing osteoclasts, controlled by osteocytes, cells derived from osteoblasts surrounded by bone matrix. The control of differentiation, viability and function of bone cells relies on the presence of connexins. Connexin43 regulates the expression of genes required for osteoblast and osteoclast differentiation directly or by changing the levels of osteocytic genes, and connexin45 may oppose connexin43 actions in osteoblastic cells. Connexin37 is required for osteoclast differentiation and its deletion results in increased bone mass. Less is known on the role of connexins in cartilage, ligaments and tendons. Connexin43, connexin45, connexin32, connexin46 and connexin29 are expressed in chondrocytes, while connexin43 and connexin32 are expressed in ligaments and tendons. Similarly, although the expression of pannexin1, pannexin2 and pannexin3 has been demonstrated in bone and cartilage cells, their function in these tissues is not fully understood. Springer Basel, 2015 Bone nationallicence Cartilage nationallicence Tendon nationallicence Ligament nationallicence Connexin nationallicence Pannexin nationallicence ATP : Adenosine triphosphate nationallicence Bglap : Gamma-carboxyglutamic acid-containing protein nationallicence BMP : Bone morphogenetic protein nationallicence cAMP : Cyclic adenosine monophosphate nationallicence Col1a1 : Collage type 1-alpha 1 chain nationallicence CTX : Carboxy-terminal collagen crosslinks fragments nationallicence Cx : Connexin nationallicence ERK : Extracellular signal regulated kinases nationallicence FDA : Food and Drug Administration nationallicence FGF2 : Fibroblast growth factor 2 nationallicence Hapln1a : Hyaluronan and proteoglycan link protein 1a nationallicence miR : microRNA nationallicence nd : Not determined nationallicence ODDD : Oculodentodigital dysplasia nationallicence OPG : Osteoprotegerin nationallicence Ot : Osteocyte nationallicence P1NP : Total procollagen type 1N-terminal propeptide nationallicence Panx : Pannexin nationallicence PKC : Protein kinase C nationallicence PTH : Parathyroid hormone nationallicence RANKL : Receptor activator of nuclear factor kappa-B ligand nationallicence Runx2 : Runt-related transcription factor 2 nationallicence Sp : Specificity protein nationallicence Plotkin Lilian Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Indiana University School of Medicine, 635 Barnhill Dr., MS 5035, 46202, Indianapolis, IN, USA aut Stains Joseph Department of Orthopaedics, University of Maryland School of Medicine, 21201, Baltimore, MD, USA aut Cellular and Molecular Life Sciences Springer Basel 72/15(2015-08-01), 2853-2867 1420-682X 72:15<2853 2015 72 18 https://doi.org/10.1007/s00018-015-1963-6 text/html Onlinezugriff via DOI BK010053 XK010053 XK010000 Metadata rights reserved Springer special CC-BY-NC licence nationallicence 1 review-article jats NATIONALLICENCE NATIONALLICENCE NL-springer NATIONALLICENCE 856 40 https://doi.org/10.1007/s00018-015-1963-6 text/html Onlinezugriff via DOI NATIONALLICENCE 700 1- Plotkin Lilian Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Indiana University School of Medicine, 635 Barnhill Dr., MS 5035, 46202, Indianapolis, IN, USA aut NATIONALLICENCE 700 1- Stains Joseph Department of Orthopaedics, University of Maryland School of Medicine, 21201, Baltimore, MD, USA aut NATIONALLICENCE 773 0- Cellular and Molecular Life Sciences Springer Basel 72/15(2015-08-01), 2853-2867 1420-682X 72:15<2853 2015 72 18