caa a22 4500 606184597 CHVBK 20210128100827.0 cr unu---uuuuu 210128e20150301xx s 000 0 eng 10.1007/s00405-014-3300-3 doi (NATIONALLICENCE)springer-10.1007/s00405-014-3300-3 Endoscopic skull base training using 3D printed models with pre-existing pathology [Elektronische Daten] [Vairavan Narayanan, Prepageran Narayanan, Raman Rajagopalan, Ravindran Karuppiah, Zainal Rahman, Peter-John Wormald, Charles Van Hasselt, Vicknes Waran] Endoscopic base of skull surgery has been growing in acceptance in the recent past due to improvements in visualisation and micro instrumentation as well as the surgical maturing of early endoscopic skull base practitioners. Unfortunately, these demanding procedures have a steep learning curve. A physical simulation that is able to reproduce the complex anatomy of the anterior skull base provides very useful means of learning the necessary skills in a safe and effective environment. This paper aims to assess the ease of learning endoscopic skull base exposure and drilling techniques using an anatomically accurate physical model with a pre-existing pathology (i.e., basilar invagination) created from actual patient data. Five models of a patient with platy-basia and basilar invagination were created from the original MRI and CT imaging data of a patient. The models were used as part of a training workshop for ENT surgeons with varying degrees of experience in endoscopic base of skull surgery, from trainees to experienced consultants. The surgeons were given a list of key steps to achieve in exposing and drilling the skull base using the simulation model. They were then asked to list the level of difficulty of learning these steps using the model. The participants found the models suitable for learning registration, navigation and skull base drilling techniques. All participants also found the deep structures to be accurately represented spatially as confirmed by the navigation system. These models allow structured simulation to be conducted in a workshop environment where surgeons and trainees can practice to perform complex procedures in a controlled fashion under the supervision of experts. Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg, 2014 Base of skull surgery nationallicence Odontoid nationallicence ENT-ORL nationallicence Simulation nationallicence Training nationallicence Clinical skills nationallicence 3D rapid prototyping nationallicence Narayanan Vairavan Division of Neurosurgery, Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, University Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia aut Narayanan Prepageran Department of ORL, University Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia aut Rajagopalan Raman Department of ORL, University Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia aut Karuppiah Ravindran Division of Neurosurgery, Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, University Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia aut Rahman Zainal Department of Maxillofacial Surgery, University Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia aut Wormald Peter-John Department of Surgery-Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, Australia aut Van Hasselt Charles Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Hong Kong aut Waran Vicknes Division of Neurosurgery, Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, University Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia aut European Archives of Oto-Rhino-Laryngology Springer Berlin Heidelberg 272/3(2015-03-01), 753-757 0937-4477 272:3<753 2015 272 405 https://doi.org/10.1007/s00405-014-3300-3 text/html Onlinezugriff via DOI BK010053 XK010053 XK010000 Metadata rights reserved Springer special CC-BY-NC licence nationallicence 1 research-article jats NATIONALLICENCE NATIONALLICENCE NL-springer NATIONALLICENCE 856 40 https://doi.org/10.1007/s00405-014-3300-3 text/html Onlinezugriff via DOI NATIONALLICENCE 700 1- Narayanan Vairavan Division of Neurosurgery, Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, University Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia aut NATIONALLICENCE 700 1- Narayanan Prepageran Department of ORL, University Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia aut NATIONALLICENCE 700 1- Rajagopalan Raman Department of ORL, University Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia aut NATIONALLICENCE 700 1- Karuppiah Ravindran Division of Neurosurgery, Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, University Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia aut NATIONALLICENCE 700 1- Rahman Zainal Department of Maxillofacial Surgery, University Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia aut NATIONALLICENCE 700 1- Wormald Peter-John Department of Surgery-Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, Australia aut NATIONALLICENCE 700 1- Van Hasselt Charles Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Hong Kong aut NATIONALLICENCE 700 1- Waran Vicknes Division of Neurosurgery, Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, University Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia aut NATIONALLICENCE 773 0- European Archives of Oto-Rhino-Laryngology Springer Berlin Heidelberg 272/3(2015-03-01), 753-757 0937-4477 272:3<753 2015 272 405