caa a22 4500 606190260 CHVBK 20210128100854.0 cr unu---uuuuu 210128e20150201xx s 000 0 eng 10.1007/s10577-014-9452-6 doi (NATIONALLICENCE)springer-10.1007/s10577-014-9452-6 Wang Zhongde Department of Animal, Dairy and Veterinary Sciences, Utah State University of Utah, UMC 9825, 4700 Old Main Hill, 84322, Logan, UT, USA aut Genome engineering in cattle: recent technological advancements [Elektronische Daten] [Zhongde Wang] Great strides in technological advancements have been made in the past decade in cattle genome engineering. First, the success of cloning cattle by somatic cell nuclear transfer (SCNT) or chromatin transfer (CT) is a significant advancement that has made obsolete the need for using embryonic stem (ES) cells to conduct cell-mediated genome engineering, whereby site-specific genetic modifications can be conducted in bovine somatic cells via DNA homologous recombination (HR) and whereby genetically engineered cattle can subsequently be produced by animal cloning from the genetically modified cells. With this approach, a chosen bovine genomic locus can be precisely modified in somatic cells, such as to knock out (KO) or knock in (KI) a gene via HR, a gene-targeting strategy that had almost exclusively been used in mouse ES cells. Furthermore, by the creative application of embryonic cloning to rejuvenate somatic cells, cattle genome can be sequentially modified in the same line of somatic cells and complex genetic modifications have been achieved in cattle. Very recently, the development of designer nucleases—such as zinc finger nucleases (ZFNs) and transcription activator-like effector nuclease (TALENs), and clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats/CRISPR-associated protein 9 (CRISPR/Cas9)—has enabled highly efficient and more facile genome engineering in cattle. Most notably, by employing such designer nucleases, genomes can be engineered at single-nucleotide precision; this process is now often referred to as genome or gene editing. The above achievements are a drastic departure from the traditional methods of creating genetically modified cattle, where foreign DNAs are randomly integrated into the animal genome, most often along with the integrations of bacterial or viral DNAs. Here, I review the most recent technological developments in cattle genome engineering by highlighting some of the major achievements in creating genetically engineered cattle for agricultural and biomedical applications. Springer Science+Business Media Dordrecht, 2014 Cattle nationallicence Genome engineering nationallicence Genetic modification nationallicence ZFN nationallicence TALEN nationallicence CRISPR/Cas9 nationallicence SCNT : Somatic cell nuclear transfer nationallicence CT : Chromatin transfer nationallicence ES : Embryonic stem cells nationallicence HR : Homologous recombination nationallicence KO : Knock out nationallicence KI : Knock in nationallicence PN : Pronuclear nationallicence CGH : Comparative genomic hybridization nationallicence ZFNs : Zinc finger nucleases nationallicence TALENs : Transcription activator-like effector nuclease nationallicence CRISPR/Cas9 : Clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats/CRISPR-associated protein 9 nationallicence HDR : Homology-directed repair nationallicence NHEJ : Nonhomologous end joining nationallicence PGK : Phosphoglycerate kinase-1 nationallicence ST SV40 : Promoter and thymidine kinase enhancer nationallicence CAG : Chicken beta-actin promoter with CMV enhancer nationallicence HAC : Human artificial chromosome nationallicence Indel : Insertion or deletion of DNA base pair(s) nationallicence hEPO : Human erythropoietin nationallicence hSA : Human serum albumin nationallicence BSA : Bovine serum albumin nationallicence Chromosome Research Springer Netherlands 23/1(2015-02-01), 17-29 0967-3849 23:1<17 2015 23 10577 https://doi.org/10.1007/s10577-014-9452-6 text/html Onlinezugriff via DOI BK010053 XK010053 XK010000 Metadata rights reserved Springer special CC-BY-NC licence nationallicence 1 research-article jats NATIONALLICENCE NATIONALLICENCE NL-springer NATIONALLICENCE 856 40 https://doi.org/10.1007/s10577-014-9452-6 text/html Onlinezugriff via DOI NATIONALLICENCE 100 1- Wang Zhongde Department of Animal, Dairy and Veterinary Sciences, Utah State University of Utah, UMC 9825, 4700 Old Main Hill, 84322, Logan, UT, USA aut NATIONALLICENCE 773 0- Chromosome Research Springer Netherlands 23/1(2015-02-01), 17-29 0967-3849 23:1<17 2015 23 10577