caa a22 4500 606193200 CHVBK 20210128100908.0 cr unu---uuuuu 210128e20150101xx s 000 0 eng 10.1007/s10682-014-9743-6 doi (NATIONALLICENCE)springer-10.1007/s10682-014-9743-6 Consequences of variation in predator attack for the evolution of the selfish herd [Elektronische Daten] [Lesley Morrell, Lottie Greenwood, Graeme Ruxton] There is a strong body of evidence that patterns of collective behaviour in grouping animals are governed by interactions between small numbers of individuals within the group. These findings contrast with study of the ‘selfish herd', where increasingly complex individual-level movement rules have been proposed to explain the rapid increase in aggregation observed when prey groups are startled by or detect a predator. While individuals using simple rules take into account the position of only a few neighbours, those using complex rules incorporate multiple neighbours, and their relative distance, to determine their movement direction. Here, we simulate the evolution of selfish herd behaviour to assess the conditions under which simple and complex movement rules might evolve, explicitly testing predictions arising from previous work. We find that complex rules outperform simple ones under a range of predator attack strategies, but that simple rules can fix in populations particularly when they are already in the majority, suggesting strong positive frequency dependence in rule success. In addition, we explore whether a movement rule derived from studies of collective behaviour (where individuals use the position of seven neighbours to determine movement direction) performs as successfully as more complex rules, finding again positive frequency dependence in rule success, and a particular role for predator attack strategy (from within or outside the group). Springer International Publishing Switzerland, 2014 Aggregation nationallicence Group living nationallicence Anti-predator behaviour nationallicence Selfish herd nationallicence Morrell Lesley School of Biological, Biomedical and Environmental Sciences, University of Hull, HU6 7RX, Kingston-upon-Hull, UK aut Greenwood Lottie School of Biological, Biomedical and Environmental Sciences, University of Hull, HU6 7RX, Kingston-upon-Hull, UK aut Ruxton Graeme School of Biology, University of St Andrews, St Andrews, Scotland, UK aut Evolutionary Ecology Springer International Publishing 29/1(2015-01-01), 107-121 0269-7653 29:1<107 2015 29 10682 https://doi.org/10.1007/s10682-014-9743-6 text/html Onlinezugriff via DOI BK010053 XK010053 XK010000 Metadata rights reserved Springer special CC-BY-NC licence nationallicence 1 research-article jats NATIONALLICENCE NATIONALLICENCE NL-springer NATIONALLICENCE 856 40 https://doi.org/10.1007/s10682-014-9743-6 text/html Onlinezugriff via DOI NATIONALLICENCE 700 1- Morrell Lesley School of Biological, Biomedical and Environmental Sciences, University of Hull, HU6 7RX, Kingston-upon-Hull, UK aut NATIONALLICENCE 700 1- Greenwood Lottie School of Biological, Biomedical and Environmental Sciences, University of Hull, HU6 7RX, Kingston-upon-Hull, UK aut NATIONALLICENCE 700 1- Ruxton Graeme School of Biology, University of St Andrews, St Andrews, Scotland, UK aut NATIONALLICENCE 773 0- Evolutionary Ecology Springer International Publishing 29/1(2015-01-01), 107-121 0269-7653 29:1<107 2015 29 10682