caa a22 4500 606193235 CHVBK 20210128100908.0 cr unu---uuuuu 210128e20150101xx s 000 0 eng 10.1007/s10682-014-9749-0 doi (NATIONALLICENCE)springer-10.1007/s10682-014-9749-0 Kawatsu Kazutaka Department of Environmental Solution Technology, Faculty of Science and Technology, Ryukoku University, 1-5, Yokotani, Seta Oe-cho, 520-2194, Otsu, Shiga, Japan aut Breaking the parthenogenesis fertilization barrier: direct and indirect selection pressures promote male fertilization of parthenogenetic females [Elektronische Daten] [Kazutaka Kawatsu] All else being equal, females would double their fecundity through parthenogenetic reproduction. On the other hand, males should be subject to positive selection pressures to coerce parthenogenetic females into sexual fertilization, because the twofold advantage of parthenogenesis is achieved at the expense of the male genetic contribution. Interestingly, although male coercion superficially imposes the cost of sex on parthenogenetic females, it would confer a reproductive benefit even on the parthenogens. This is because females fertilized by coercive males gain indirect reproductive success via sons inheriting coercion, who would succeed in mating with other parthenogens in the next generation (sons' effect). In this study, using two mathematical models, I show for the first time that the indirect sons' effect of male coercion plays an important role in the maintenance of sex in potentially parthenogenetic species. The first model, which compares the fitness of a female reproducing parthenogenetically with that of a female mating with a coercive male, demonstrates that the sons' effect can outweigh the cost of sex and resolve sexual conflict over reproductive modes. My second model of population genetics, which analyses the dynamics of coercion and parthenogenesis, shows that the occurrence of parthenogenetic reproduction is suppressed in the presence of the sons' effect of male coercion. These results indicate that the sons' effect of male coercion helps to maintain sexual reproduction at an evolutionary time scale, as well as offset the twofold cost of males in the invasion phase of the coercion. Springer International Publishing Switzerland, 2014 Maintenance of sex nationallicence Sexual conflict nationallicence Sons' effect nationallicence Facultative parthenogenesis nationallicence Battleground analysis nationallicence Population genetics nationallicence Evolutionary Ecology Springer International Publishing 29/1(2015-01-01), 49-61 0269-7653 29:1<49 2015 29 10682 https://doi.org/10.1007/s10682-014-9749-0 text/html Onlinezugriff via DOI BK010053 XK010053 XK010000 Metadata rights reserved Springer special CC-BY-NC licence nationallicence 1 research-article jats NATIONALLICENCE NATIONALLICENCE NL-springer NATIONALLICENCE 856 40 https://doi.org/10.1007/s10682-014-9749-0 text/html Onlinezugriff via DOI NATIONALLICENCE 100 1- Kawatsu Kazutaka Department of Environmental Solution Technology, Faculty of Science and Technology, Ryukoku University, 1-5, Yokotani, Seta Oe-cho, 520-2194, Otsu, Shiga, Japan aut NATIONALLICENCE 773 0- Evolutionary Ecology Springer International Publishing 29/1(2015-01-01), 49-61 0269-7653 29:1<49 2015 29 10682