caa a22 4500 606193413 CHVBK 20210128100909.0 cr unu---uuuuu 210128e20150501xx s 000 0 eng 10.1007/s10682-015-9757-8 doi (NATIONALLICENCE)springer-10.1007/s10682-015-9757-8 Are flowers red in teeth and claw? Exploitation barriers and the antagonist nature of mutualisms [Elektronische Daten] [L. Santamaría, M. Rodríguez-Gironés] The romantic perception of plant-animal mutualisms as a cooperative endeavour has been shattered in the last decades. While the classic theory of plant-pollinator coevolution assumed that partner coevolution is largely mutualistic, an increasing appreciation of the inherent conflict of interests between such partners has led to the realization that genes that confer a reproductive advantage to plants may have negative effects on their pollinators (and vice versa), giving rise to an apparent paradox: that antagonistic processes may drive coevolution among mutualistic partners. Under this new paradigm, mutualistic partners are bound by mutual interest but shaped by "selfish” antagonistic processes. Exploitation barriers mediated by resource competition among pollinators are a key element of this paradigm. Exploitation barriers involve traits such as tubular corollas, red flowers, toxic or deterrent rewards, and attractants of floral predators. Exploitation barriers result in resource partitioning, increasing floral fidelity of favoured pollinators and therefore plant fitness; but they often entail a physiological, behavioural or developmental cost for such favoured pollinators. Resource partitioning mediated by exploitation barriers is a very powerful driver of floral diversification, robust to variation in pollinator assemblages; hence, it may contribute to elucidating the occurrence of co-evolutionary changes in multi-species contexts. Exploitation barriers provide also a mechanistic basis for trait-based modelling of interaction networks, and represent a reason for caution in assuming fixed interaction identity or strength when modelling such networks (e.g. in rarefaction procedures used to estimate secondary extinctions). We propose to replace the misleading metaphor that depicts flowers and pollinators as cooperative partners by a metaphor in which plants and pollinator are traders, seeking to obtain different services from each other in complete disregard for the benefit of their mutualistic partner. Springer International Publishing Switzerland, 2015 Exploitation barriers nationallicence Plant-pollinator interaction nationallicence Optimal foraging nationallicence Resource partitioning nationallicence Competition nationallicence Mutualism nationallicence Antagonism nationallicence Santamaría L. Estación Biológica de Doñana, EBD-CSIC, C/ Américo Vespucio s/n, 41092, Isla de la Cartuja, Sevilla, Spain aut Rodríguez-Gironés M. Estación Experimental de Zonas Áridas, EEZA-CSIC, Crtra. De Sacramento s/n, 04120, La Cañada de San Urbano, Almería, Spain aut Evolutionary Ecology Springer International Publishing 29/3(2015-05-01), 311-322 0269-7653 29:3<311 2015 29 10682 https://doi.org/10.1007/s10682-015-9757-8 text/html Onlinezugriff via DOI BK010053 XK010053 XK010000 Metadata rights reserved Springer special CC-BY-NC licence nationallicence 1 research-article jats NATIONALLICENCE NATIONALLICENCE NL-springer NATIONALLICENCE 856 40 https://doi.org/10.1007/s10682-015-9757-8 text/html Onlinezugriff via DOI NATIONALLICENCE 700 1- Santamaría L. Estación Biológica de Doñana, EBD-CSIC, C/ Américo Vespucio s/n, 41092, Isla de la Cartuja, Sevilla, Spain aut NATIONALLICENCE 700 1- Rodríguez-Gironés M. Estación Experimental de Zonas Áridas, EEZA-CSIC, Crtra. De Sacramento s/n, 04120, La Cañada de San Urbano, Almería, Spain aut NATIONALLICENCE 773 0- Evolutionary Ecology Springer International Publishing 29/3(2015-05-01), 311-322 0269-7653 29:3<311 2015 29 10682