caa a22 4500 606193642 CHVBK 20210128100910.0 cr unu---uuuuu 210128e20150901xx s 000 0 eng 10.1007/s10682-015-9780-9 doi (NATIONALLICENCE)springer-10.1007/s10682-015-9780-9 Biogeography of Neotropical Rainforests: past connections between Amazon and Atlantic Forest detected by ecological niche modeling [Elektronische Daten] [Thadeu Sobral-Souza, Matheus Lima-Ribeiro, Vera Solferini] During Paleogene the Neotropical region was mainly covered by rainforests and ancient Amazon (AM) and Atlantic Forest (AF) were continuous and interconnected. The Andean uplift and drastic climate changes along the Eocene/Miocene resulted in the formation of a drier area separating AM from AF. However, multiple evidences have indicated recurrent connections between Neotropical rainforests during Quaternary. In this study we predict biogeographical connections between Neotropical Forests during the last glacial maximum (LGM—21ka) and establish the climatic conditions that favored such connections. We tested if the general climatic conditions suitable to both Amazon (AM) and AF were uniform across current Cerrado and Caatinga areas or did subsets of these climatic spaces have independent spatial displacements connecting specific regions of AM and AF. For these, 50 occurrence points equidistant in the climatic space were sampled along the western and eastern AM and northern and southern AF and used to built ecological niche models (ENM) for each region. Potential distributions were predicted for the current and the LGM climatic scenarios using an ensemble approach. The ENMs detected the disjunct distribution of the two Neotropical rainforests in the present and showed three main connections during LGM: (1) climate suitable to western AM were detected along the northern coast of Brazil, overlapping the putative distribution of northern AF; (2) climates suitable to southern AF, northern AF and western AM were detected along the area now occupied by southern limits of the Caatinga and (3) the climate suitable to southern AF was found at the south limits of the eastern AM. Our findings suggest that subsets of both AM and AF may be considered distinct biogeographical units as implied by different responses to climate changes. Springer International Publishing Switzerland, 2015 Pleistocene glaciations nationallicence Amazon nationallicence Atlantic Forest nationallicence LGM nationallicence Paleobiogeography nationallicence Dispersal routes nationallicence Sobral-Souza Thadeu Graduate Program in Ecology, Institute of Biology, University of Campinas - UNICAMP, Campinas, SP, Brazil aut Lima-Ribeiro Matheus Macroecology Lab, University of Goias, UFG-Campus Jataí, Goiânia, GO, Brazil aut Solferini Vera Department of Genetics, Evolution and Bioagents, Institute of Biology, University of Campinas - UNICAMP, Campinas, SP, Brazil aut Evolutionary Ecology Springer International Publishing 29/5(2015-09-01), 643-655 0269-7653 29:5<643 2015 29 10682 https://doi.org/10.1007/s10682-015-9780-9 text/html Onlinezugriff via DOI BK010053 XK010053 XK010000 Metadata rights reserved Springer special CC-BY-NC licence nationallicence 1 research-article jats NATIONALLICENCE NATIONALLICENCE NL-springer NATIONALLICENCE 856 40 https://doi.org/10.1007/s10682-015-9780-9 text/html Onlinezugriff via DOI NATIONALLICENCE 700 1- Sobral-Souza Thadeu Graduate Program in Ecology, Institute of Biology, University of Campinas - UNICAMP, Campinas, SP, Brazil aut NATIONALLICENCE 700 1- Lima-Ribeiro Matheus Macroecology Lab, University of Goias, UFG-Campus Jataí, Goiânia, GO, Brazil aut NATIONALLICENCE 700 1- Solferini Vera Department of Genetics, Evolution and Bioagents, Institute of Biology, University of Campinas - UNICAMP, Campinas, SP, Brazil aut NATIONALLICENCE 773 0- Evolutionary Ecology Springer International Publishing 29/5(2015-09-01), 643-655 0269-7653 29:5<643 2015 29 10682