caa a22 4500 606193693 CHVBK 20210128100910.0 cr unu---uuuuu 210128e20150301xx s 000 0 eng 10.1007/s10682-015-9754-y doi (NATIONALLICENCE)springer-10.1007/s10682-015-9754-y Adaptation of flowering phenology and fitness-related traits across environmental gradients in the widespread Campanula rotundifolia [Elektronische Daten] [Veronica Preite, Jürg Stöcklin, Georg Armbruster, J. Scheepens] Plant populations need to adjust to climate warming through phenotypic plasticity or evolution of trait means. We performed a common-garden experiment with European populations of Campanula rotundifolia to investigate current adaptation in fitness-related traits and the potential for future adaptation. The common garden was situated in Switzerland and contained plants from 18 populations from four regions: Central Europe, The Netherlands, Scandinavia and the Swiss Alps. We assessed current adaptation with trait-environment correlations, and we compared molecular marker with trait differentiation to investigate past selection. How traits may change under future climate warming was investigated via selection analysis. Trait-trait correlations were performed to reveal genetic constraints. The majority of analysed phenotypic traits showed regional differentiation and all traits showed indications of past selection. Flowering duration decreased with latitude and elevation, suggesting adaptation to growing season length. The Central European populations performed best, indicating home-site advantage. Selection analysis showed positive selection on fitness-related traits whereas phenological traits showed less clear patterns. Trait-trait correlations were mostly neutral or favourable to selection. This study suggests that flowering phenology and other fitness-related traits of C. rotundifolia are adapted to the current climatic conditions and have the potential to evolve under climate change. Springer International Publishing Switzerland, 2015 Adaptation nationallicence Campanula rotundifolia nationallicence Environmental gradients nationallicence Flowering phenology nationallicence Q ST- F ST comparison nationallicence Selection analysis nationallicence Preite Veronica Section of Plant Ecology, Institute of Botany, University of Basel, Schönbeinstrasse 6, 4056, Basel, Switzerland aut Stöcklin Jürg Section of Plant Ecology, Institute of Botany, University of Basel, Schönbeinstrasse 6, 4056, Basel, Switzerland aut Armbruster Georg Section of Plant Ecology, Institute of Botany, University of Basel, Schönbeinstrasse 6, 4056, Basel, Switzerland aut Scheepens J. Section of Plant Ecology, Institute of Botany, University of Basel, Schönbeinstrasse 6, 4056, Basel, Switzerland aut Evolutionary Ecology Springer International Publishing 29/2(2015-03-01), 249-267 0269-7653 29:2<249 2015 29 10682 https://doi.org/10.1007/s10682-015-9754-y text/html Onlinezugriff via DOI BK010053 XK010053 XK010000 Metadata rights reserved Springer special CC-BY-NC licence nationallicence 1 research-article jats NATIONALLICENCE NATIONALLICENCE NL-springer NATIONALLICENCE 856 40 https://doi.org/10.1007/s10682-015-9754-y text/html Onlinezugriff via DOI NATIONALLICENCE 700 1- Preite Veronica Section of Plant Ecology, Institute of Botany, University of Basel, Schönbeinstrasse 6, 4056, Basel, Switzerland aut NATIONALLICENCE 700 1- Stöcklin Jürg Section of Plant Ecology, Institute of Botany, University of Basel, Schönbeinstrasse 6, 4056, Basel, Switzerland aut NATIONALLICENCE 700 1- Armbruster Georg Section of Plant Ecology, Institute of Botany, University of Basel, Schönbeinstrasse 6, 4056, Basel, Switzerland aut NATIONALLICENCE 700 1- Scheepens J. Section of Plant Ecology, Institute of Botany, University of Basel, Schönbeinstrasse 6, 4056, Basel, Switzerland aut NATIONALLICENCE 773 0- Evolutionary Ecology Springer International Publishing 29/2(2015-03-01), 249-267 0269-7653 29:2<249 2015 29 10682