caa a22 4500 606196080 CHVBK 20210128100922.0 cr unu---uuuuu 210128e20150401xx s 000 0 eng 10.1007/s10934-015-9924-x doi (NATIONALLICENCE)springer-10.1007/s10934-015-9924-x Effect of annealing temperature on anodized nanoporous WO3 [Elektronische Daten] [Chai Ng, Khairunisak Abdul Razak, Zainovia Lockman] Nanoporous tungsten oxide (WO3) was produced on W foil by anodization method. The nanoporous WO3 thickness obtained was 450nm with pore diameter size of 50-80nm and pore wall thickness of 15-20nm. The effect of annealing temperature (200-700°C) on the morphological, structural, and electrochromic properties of nanoporous WO3 were reported. Nanoporous WO3 transformed from amorphous to monoclinic phase after annealing at 300°C. The nanoporous structure was retained after annealing; however, the pore wall thickness increased with increasing annealing temperature. A compact oxide layer underneath the nanoporous layer was formed after annealing at 500°C. The as-anodized oxide showed faster electron and ion intercalation process (with the highest current density of −11.53 and +7.73mAcm−2) than the annealed oxides. Moreover, the current density decreased with increasing annealing temperature because the annealing process increased the crystallinity and reduced the surface area of the oxide. The as-anodized oxide also exhibited shorter coloring and bleaching times of ~7.4 and ~3.9s, respectively. Springer Science+Business Media New York, 2015 Tungsten oxide nationallicence Tungsten foil nationallicence Anodization nationallicence Anodic oxidation nationallicence Electrochromic nationallicence Ng Chai School of Materials and Mineral Resources Engineering, Universiti Sains Malaysia, 14300, Nibong Tebal, Penang, Malaysia aut Abdul Razak Khairunisak School of Materials and Mineral Resources Engineering, Universiti Sains Malaysia, 14300, Nibong Tebal, Penang, Malaysia aut Lockman Zainovia School of Materials and Mineral Resources Engineering, Universiti Sains Malaysia, 14300, Nibong Tebal, Penang, Malaysia aut Journal of Porous Materials Springer US; http://www.springer-ny.com 22/2(2015-04-01), 537-544 1380-2224 22:2<537 2015 22 10934 https://doi.org/10.1007/s10934-015-9924-x text/html Onlinezugriff via DOI BK010053 XK010053 XK010000 Metadata rights reserved Springer special CC-BY-NC licence nationallicence 1 research-article jats NATIONALLICENCE NATIONALLICENCE NL-springer NATIONALLICENCE 856 40 https://doi.org/10.1007/s10934-015-9924-x text/html Onlinezugriff via DOI NATIONALLICENCE 700 1- Ng Chai School of Materials and Mineral Resources Engineering, Universiti Sains Malaysia, 14300, Nibong Tebal, Penang, Malaysia aut NATIONALLICENCE 700 1- Abdul Razak Khairunisak School of Materials and Mineral Resources Engineering, Universiti Sains Malaysia, 14300, Nibong Tebal, Penang, Malaysia aut NATIONALLICENCE 700 1- Lockman Zainovia School of Materials and Mineral Resources Engineering, Universiti Sains Malaysia, 14300, Nibong Tebal, Penang, Malaysia aut NATIONALLICENCE 773 0- Journal of Porous Materials Springer US; http://www.springer-ny.com 22/2(2015-04-01), 537-544 1380-2224 22:2<537 2015 22 10934