caa a22 4500 606196943 CHVBK 20210128100927.0 cr unu---uuuuu 210128e20150101xx s 000 0 eng 10.1007/s00348-014-1884-4 doi (NATIONALLICENCE)springer-10.1007/s00348-014-1884-4 Flow dynamics of multi-lateral jets injection into a round pipe flow [Elektronische Daten] [Chia Thong, Peter Kalt, Bassam Dally, Cristian Birzer] Controlling the mixing field of turbulent jets is an important approach in optimizing practical combustion systems. The use of multi-lateral jets upstream from the nozzle exit to control mixing fields is one particular method. Existing studies have investigated jets into a confined cross-flow (JICCF) for dilution mixing, but there is a paucity of data available on the fundamentals for turbulent mixing capabilities of JICCF. The current study investigates the flow structures and Primary Reynolds number mixing characteristics within a round pipe flow modified by four equi-spaced, lateral side injectors. Experiments are conducted in a primary water jet flow that is modified with smaller jets located one central (axial) jet diameter upstream of the nozzle exit. Flow structures and mixing within the nozzle are non-intrusively characterized using simultaneous planar optical techniques. Planar laser-induced fluorescence is used to measure the scalar mixing of the side and axial jet streams, and particle imaging velocimetry is used to measure the planar velocities. Several cases are investigated with variable primary flow to explore the influence of cross-flow velocity on the induced mixing structures within the nozzle. By varying the momentum ratio, three characteristic flow modes are identified within the primary flow, namely streaming mode, impinging mode, and backflow mode. The impact of these modes on the flow and scalar fields is presented and discussed. Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg, 2015 Thong Chia School of Mechanical Engineering, The University of Adelaide, 5005, Adelaide, SA, Australia aut Kalt Peter School of Mechanical Engineering, The University of Adelaide, 5005, Adelaide, SA, Australia aut Dally Bassam School of Mechanical Engineering, The University of Adelaide, 5005, Adelaide, SA, Australia aut Birzer Cristian School of Mechanical Engineering, The University of Adelaide, 5005, Adelaide, SA, Australia aut Experiments in Fluids Springer Berlin Heidelberg 56/1(2015-01-01), 1-16 0723-4864 56:1<1 2015 56 348 https://doi.org/10.1007/s00348-014-1884-4 text/html Onlinezugriff via DOI BK010053 XK010053 XK010000 Metadata rights reserved Springer special CC-BY-NC licence nationallicence 1 research-article jats NATIONALLICENCE NATIONALLICENCE NL-springer NATIONALLICENCE 856 40 https://doi.org/10.1007/s00348-014-1884-4 text/html Onlinezugriff via DOI NATIONALLICENCE 700 1- Thong Chia School of Mechanical Engineering, The University of Adelaide, 5005, Adelaide, SA, Australia aut NATIONALLICENCE 700 1- Kalt Peter School of Mechanical Engineering, The University of Adelaide, 5005, Adelaide, SA, Australia aut NATIONALLICENCE 700 1- Dally Bassam School of Mechanical Engineering, The University of Adelaide, 5005, Adelaide, SA, Australia aut NATIONALLICENCE 700 1- Birzer Cristian School of Mechanical Engineering, The University of Adelaide, 5005, Adelaide, SA, Australia aut NATIONALLICENCE 773 0- Experiments in Fluids Springer Berlin Heidelberg 56/1(2015-01-01), 1-16 0723-4864 56:1<1 2015 56 348