caa a22 4500 60619990X CHVBK 20210128100941.0 cr unu---uuuuu 210128e20151201xx s 000 0 eng 10.1007/s10653-015-9694-z doi (NATIONALLICENCE)springer-10.1007/s10653-015-9694-z The role of biochar, natural iron oxides, and nanomaterials as soil amendments for immobilizing metals in shooting range soil [Elektronische Daten] [Anushka Rajapaksha, Mahtab Ahmad, Meththika Vithanage, Kwon-Rae Kim, Jun Chang, Sang Lee, Yong Ok] High concentration of toxic metals in military shooting range soils poses a significant environmental concern due to the potential release of metals, such as Pb, Cu, and Sb, and hence requires remediation. The current study examined the effectiveness of buffalo weed (Ambrosia trifida L.) biomass and its derived biochars at pyrolytic temperatures of 300 and 700°C, natural iron oxides (NRE), gibbsite, and silver nanoparticles on metal immobilization together with soil quality after 1-year soil incubation. Destructive (e.g., chemical extractions) and non-destructive (e.g., molecular spectroscopy) methods were used to investigate the immobilization efficacy of each amendment on Pb, Cu, and Sb, and to explore the possible immobilization mechanisms. The highest immobilization efficacy was observed with biochar produced at 300°C, showing the maximum decreases of bioavailability by 94 and 70% for Pb and Cu, respectively, which were attributed to the abundance of functional groups in the biochar. Biochar significantly increased the soil pH, cation exchange capacity, and P contents. Indeed, the scanning electron microscopic elemental dot mapping and X-ray absorption fine structure spectroscopic (EXAFS) studies revealed associations of Pb with P (i.e., the formation of stable chloropyromorphite [Pb5(PO4)3Cl]) in the biomass- or biochar-amended soils. However, no amendment was effective on Sb immobilization. Springer Science+Business Media Dordrecht, 2015 Black carbon nationallicence Charcoal nationallicence Soil remediation nationallicence Nanoparticle nationallicence Slow pyrolysis nationallicence Synchrotron nationallicence Rajapaksha Anushka Korea Biochar Research Center and Department of Biological Environment, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, Republic of Korea aut Ahmad Mahtab Soil Sciences Department, College of Food and Agricultural Sciences, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2460, 11451, Riyadh, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia aut Vithanage Meththika Chemical and Environmental Systems Modeling Research Group, National Institute of Fundamental Studies, Kandy, Sri Lanka aut Kim Kwon-Rae Department of Agronomy and Medicinal Plant Resources, Gyeongnam National University of Science and Technology, 660-758, Jinju, Republic of Korea aut Chang Jun Environmental Health Research Division, National Institute of Environmental Research, Ministry of Environment, Incheon, Republic of Korea aut Lee Sang Korea Biochar Research Center and Department of Biological Environment, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, Republic of Korea aut Ok Yong Korea Biochar Research Center and Department of Biological Environment, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, Republic of Korea aut Environmental Geochemistry and Health Springer Netherlands 37/6(2015-12-01), 931-942 0269-4042 37:6<931 2015 37 10653 https://doi.org/10.1007/s10653-015-9694-z text/html Onlinezugriff via DOI BK010053 XK010053 XK010000 Metadata rights reserved Springer special CC-BY-NC licence nationallicence 1 research-article jats NATIONALLICENCE NATIONALLICENCE NL-springer NATIONALLICENCE 856 40 https://doi.org/10.1007/s10653-015-9694-z text/html Onlinezugriff via DOI NATIONALLICENCE 700 1- Rajapaksha Anushka Korea Biochar Research Center and Department of Biological Environment, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, Republic of Korea aut NATIONALLICENCE 700 1- Ahmad Mahtab Soil Sciences Department, College of Food and Agricultural Sciences, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2460, 11451, Riyadh, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia aut NATIONALLICENCE 700 1- Vithanage Meththika Chemical and Environmental Systems Modeling Research Group, National Institute of Fundamental Studies, Kandy, Sri Lanka aut NATIONALLICENCE 700 1- Kim Kwon-Rae Department of Agronomy and Medicinal Plant Resources, Gyeongnam National University of Science and Technology, 660-758, Jinju, Republic of Korea aut NATIONALLICENCE 700 1- Chang Jun Environmental Health Research Division, National Institute of Environmental Research, Ministry of Environment, Incheon, Republic of Korea aut NATIONALLICENCE 700 1- Lee Sang Korea Biochar Research Center and Department of Biological Environment, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, Republic of Korea aut NATIONALLICENCE 700 1- Ok Yong Korea Biochar Research Center and Department of Biological Environment, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, Republic of Korea aut NATIONALLICENCE 773 0- Environmental Geochemistry and Health Springer Netherlands 37/6(2015-12-01), 931-942 0269-4042 37:6<931 2015 37 10653