caa a22 4500 60620010X CHVBK 20210128100942.0 cr unu---uuuuu 210128e20150801xx s 000 0 eng 10.1007/s10653-015-9681-4 doi (NATIONALLICENCE)springer-10.1007/s10653-015-9681-4 Lazarus John Thyroid Research Group, Institute of Molecular and Experimental Medicine, Cardiff University School of Medicine, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK aut The importance of iodine in public health [Elektronische Daten] [John Lazarus] Iodine (I) deficiency has been known for more than a century and is known to cause cretinism at the extreme end of the spectrum but also, importantly, impaired development and neurocognition in areas of mild deficiency. The WHO has indicated that median urinary iodine of 100-199μg/l in a population is regarded as indicative of an adequate iodine intake. The understanding of the spectrum of iodine deficiency disorders led to the formation of The International Council for the Control of Iodine Deficiency Disorders which has promulgated the use of household iodized salt and the use of such salt in food processing and manufacture. Iodine deficiency is particularly important in pregnancy as the fetus relies on maternal thyroxine (T4) exclusively during the first 14weeks and also throughout gestation. As this hormone is critical to brain and nervous system maturation, low maternal T4 results in low child intelligence quotient. The recommendation for I intake in pregnancy is 250μg/day to prevent fetal and child brain function impairment. During the past 25years, the number of countries with I deficiency has reduced to 32; these still include many European developed countries. Sustainability of adequate iodine status must be achieved by continuous monitoring and where this has not been performed I deficiency has often recurred. More randomized controlled trials of iodine supplementation in pregnancy are required in mild iodine-deficient areas to inform public health strategy and subsequent government action on suitable provision of iodine to the population at risk. Springer Science+Business Media Dordrecht, 2015 Iodine nationallicence Deficiency nationallicence Brain nationallicence Europe nationallicence Control nationallicence Thyroid nationallicence Child nationallicence Environmental Geochemistry and Health Springer Netherlands 37/4(2015-08-01), 605-618 0269-4042 37:4<605 2015 37 10653 https://doi.org/10.1007/s10653-015-9681-4 text/html Onlinezugriff via DOI BK010053 XK010053 XK010000 Metadata rights reserved Springer special CC-BY-NC licence nationallicence 1 research-article jats NATIONALLICENCE NATIONALLICENCE NL-springer NATIONALLICENCE 856 40 https://doi.org/10.1007/s10653-015-9681-4 text/html Onlinezugriff via DOI NATIONALLICENCE 100 1- Lazarus John Thyroid Research Group, Institute of Molecular and Experimental Medicine, Cardiff University School of Medicine, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK aut NATIONALLICENCE 773 0- Environmental Geochemistry and Health Springer Netherlands 37/4(2015-08-01), 605-618 0269-4042 37:4<605 2015 37 10653