caa a22 4500 60620024X CHVBK 20210128100942.0 cr unu---uuuuu 210128e20151001xx s 000 0 eng 10.1007/s10653-015-9763-3 doi (NATIONALLICENCE)springer-10.1007/s10653-015-9763-3 Characteristics of hopanoid hydrocarbons in ambient PM10 and motor vehicle emissions and coal ash in Taiyuan, China [Elektronische Daten] [Feng Han, Junji Cao, Lin Peng, Huiling Bai, Dongmei Hu, Ling Mu, Xiaofeng Liu] Hopanoid hydrocarbon content in ambient particulate matter (PM) of less than or equal to 10μm aerodynamic diameter (PM10) was sampled at seven sites representative of different functional districts, and measured by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. 17α(H),21β(H)-hopane (C30αβ) and 17α(H),21β(H)-30-norhopane (C29αβ) were dominant in all samples. Hopanes in motor vehicle emissions from various fuel-type engines (gasoline, diesel and natural gas) and coal ash were qualitatively measured, and the amount of C30αβ was about two to three times greater than that of C29αβ. Distinct seasonal variations (winter/summer differences) were observed at higher concentrations (45.54-108.29ng/m3) of total hopanes in winter and lower (2.59-28.26ng/m3) in summer. There were also clear spatial variations of hopanes in Taiyuan, with samples with greater hopane concentrations in downtown areas, but less in summer. The spatial distribution reversed in winter. Distributions and relative abundances of selected hopanes from PM10 and source emissions indicated that in summer, vehicle exhaust was the dominant fossil fuel combustion source (C30αβ was >C29αβ), and that the contribution of coal combustion was slightly greater at suburban sites. However, the contribution of coal combustion sources increased significantly at all sites in winter, especially in suburban areas, where C29αβ exceeded C30αβ. Hopanoid indexes revealed a classification of vehicle exhaust and coal combustion emissions in PM10. The results imply that during rapid urbanization, it is crucial to strengthen the construction of infrastructure such as central heating in new city districts and to increase the use of natural gas instead of residential coal burning. Springer Science+Business Media Dordrecht, 2015 Particulate matter nationallicence Coal combustion emission nationallicence Vehicle exhaust nationallicence Hopanes nationallicence Taiyuan nationallicence Han Feng College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Taiyuan University of Technology, 030024, Taiyuan, People's Republic of China aut Cao Junji State Key Laboratory of Loess and Quaternary Geology, Institute of Earth Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 710075, Xi'an, People's Republic of China aut Peng Lin College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Taiyuan University of Technology, 030024, Taiyuan, People's Republic of China aut Bai Huiling College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Taiyuan University of Technology, 030024, Taiyuan, People's Republic of China aut Hu Dongmei College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Taiyuan University of Technology, 030024, Taiyuan, People's Republic of China aut Mu Ling College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Taiyuan University of Technology, 030024, Taiyuan, People's Republic of China aut Liu Xiaofeng College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Taiyuan University of Technology, 030024, Taiyuan, People's Republic of China aut Environmental Geochemistry and Health Springer Netherlands 37/5(2015-10-01), 813-829 0269-4042 37:5<813 2015 37 10653 https://doi.org/10.1007/s10653-015-9763-3 text/html Onlinezugriff via DOI BK010053 XK010053 XK010000 Metadata rights reserved Springer special CC-BY-NC licence nationallicence 1 research-article jats NATIONALLICENCE NATIONALLICENCE NL-springer NATIONALLICENCE 856 40 https://doi.org/10.1007/s10653-015-9763-3 text/html Onlinezugriff via DOI NATIONALLICENCE 700 1- Han Feng College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Taiyuan University of Technology, 030024, Taiyuan, People's Republic of China aut NATIONALLICENCE 700 1- Cao Junji State Key Laboratory of Loess and Quaternary Geology, Institute of Earth Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 710075, Xi'an, People's Republic of China aut NATIONALLICENCE 700 1- Peng Lin College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Taiyuan University of Technology, 030024, Taiyuan, People's Republic of China aut NATIONALLICENCE 700 1- Bai Huiling College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Taiyuan University of Technology, 030024, Taiyuan, People's Republic of China aut NATIONALLICENCE 700 1- Hu Dongmei College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Taiyuan University of Technology, 030024, Taiyuan, People's Republic of China aut NATIONALLICENCE 700 1- Mu Ling College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Taiyuan University of Technology, 030024, Taiyuan, People's Republic of China aut NATIONALLICENCE 700 1- Liu Xiaofeng College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Taiyuan University of Technology, 030024, Taiyuan, People's Republic of China aut NATIONALLICENCE 773 0- Environmental Geochemistry and Health Springer Netherlands 37/5(2015-10-01), 813-829 0269-4042 37:5<813 2015 37 10653