caa a22 4500 606200398 CHVBK 20210128100943.0 cr unu---uuuuu 210128e20150401xx s 000 0 eng 10.1007/s10653-014-9651-2 doi (NATIONALLICENCE)springer-10.1007/s10653-014-9651-2 Geospatial association between adverse birth outcomes and arsenic in groundwater in New Hampshire, USA [Elektronische Daten] [Xun Shi, Joseph Ayotte, Akikazu Onda, Stephanie Miller, Judy Rees, Diane Gilbert-Diamond, Tracy Onega, Jiang Gui, Margaret Karagas, John Moeschler] There is increasing evidence of the role of arsenic in the etiology of adverse human reproductive outcomes. Because drinking water can be a major source of arsenic to pregnant women, the effect of arsenic exposure through drinking water on human birth may be revealed by a geospatial association between arsenic concentration in groundwater and birth problems, particularly in a region where private wells substantially account for water supply, like New Hampshire, USA. We calculated town-level rates of preterm birth and term low birth weight (term LBW) for New Hampshire, byusing data for 1997-2009 stratified by maternal age. We smoothed the rates byusing a locally weighted averaging method to increase the statistical stability. The town-level groundwater arsenic probabilityvalues are from three GIS data layers generated by the US Geological Survey: probability of local groundwater arsenic concentration >1µg/L, probability >5µg/L, and probability >10µg/L. We calculated Pearson's correlation coefficients (r) between the reproductive outcomes (preterm birth and term LBW) and the arsenic probabilityvalues, at both state and county levels. For preterm birth, younger mothers (maternal age <20) have a statewide r=0.70 between the rates smoothed with a threshold=2,000 births and the town mean arsenic level based on the data of probability >10µg/L; for older mothers, r=0.19 when the smoothing threshold=3,500; a majority of county level r values are positive based on the arsenic data of probability >10µg/L. For term LBW, younger mothers (maternal age <25) have a statewide r=0.44 between the rates smoothed with a threshold=3,500 and town minimum arsenic concentration based on the data of probability >1µg/L; for older mothers, r=0.14 when the rates are smoothed with a threshold=1,000 births and also adjusted by town median household income in 1999, and the arsenic values are the town minimum based on probability >10µg/L. At the county level for younger mothers, positive r values prevail, but for older mothers, it is a mix. For both birth problems, the several most populous counties—with 60-80% of the state's population and clustering at the southwest corner of the state—are largely consistent in having a positive r across different smoothing thresholds. We found evident spatial associations between the two adverse human reproductive outcomes and groundwater arsenic in New Hampshire, USA. However, the degree of associations and their sensitivity to different representations of arsenic level are variable. Generally, preterm birth has a stronger spatial association with groundwater arsenic than term LBW, suggesting an inconsistency in the impact of arsenic on the two reproductive outcomes. For both outcomes, younger maternal age has stronger spatial associations with groundwater arsenic. Springer Science+Business Media Dordrecht, 2014 Preterm birth nationallicence Low birth weight nationallicence Arsenic nationallicence Groundwater nationallicence Locally weighted averaging smoothing nationallicence New Hampshire nationallicence Shi Xun Dartmouth College, Hanover, NH, USA aut Ayotte Joseph NH - VT Office, New England Water Science Center, U.S. Geological Survey, 03301, Concord, NH, USA aut Onda Akikazu Dartmouth College, Hanover, NH, USA aut Miller Stephanie The Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Hanover, NH, USA aut Rees Judy The Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Hanover, NH, USA aut Gilbert-Diamond Diane The Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Hanover, NH, USA aut Onega Tracy The Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Hanover, NH, USA aut Gui Jiang The Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Hanover, NH, USA aut Karagas Margaret The Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Hanover, NH, USA aut Moeschler John The Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Hanover, NH, USA aut Environmental Geochemistry and Health Springer Netherlands 37/2(2015-04-01), 333-351 0269-4042 37:2<333 2015 37 10653 https://doi.org/10.1007/s10653-014-9651-2 text/html Onlinezugriff via DOI BK010053 XK010053 XK010000 Metadata rights reserved Springer special CC-BY-NC licence nationallicence 1 research-article jats NATIONALLICENCE NATIONALLICENCE NL-springer NATIONALLICENCE 856 40 https://doi.org/10.1007/s10653-014-9651-2 text/html Onlinezugriff via DOI NATIONALLICENCE 700 1- Shi Xun Dartmouth College, Hanover, NH, USA aut NATIONALLICENCE 700 1- Ayotte Joseph NH - VT Office, New England Water Science Center, U.S. Geological Survey, 03301, Concord, NH, USA aut NATIONALLICENCE 700 1- Onda Akikazu Dartmouth College, Hanover, NH, USA aut NATIONALLICENCE 700 1- Miller Stephanie The Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Hanover, NH, USA aut NATIONALLICENCE 700 1- Rees Judy The Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Hanover, NH, USA aut NATIONALLICENCE 700 1- Gilbert-Diamond Diane The Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Hanover, NH, USA aut NATIONALLICENCE 700 1- Onega Tracy The Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Hanover, NH, USA aut NATIONALLICENCE 700 1- Gui Jiang The Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Hanover, NH, USA aut NATIONALLICENCE 700 1- Karagas Margaret The Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Hanover, NH, USA aut NATIONALLICENCE 700 1- Moeschler John The Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Hanover, NH, USA aut NATIONALLICENCE 773 0- Environmental Geochemistry and Health Springer Netherlands 37/2(2015-04-01), 333-351 0269-4042 37:2<333 2015 37 10653