caa a22 4500 606200436 CHVBK 20210128100943.0 cr unu---uuuuu 210128e20150401xx s 000 0 eng 10.1007/s10653-014-9646-z doi (NATIONALLICENCE)springer-10.1007/s10653-014-9646-z Health risk assessment of heavy metals contamination in tomato and green pepper plants grown in soils amended with phosphogypsum waste materials [Elektronische Daten] [Mohammad Al-Hwaiti, Omar Al-Khashman] Phosphogypsum (PG) is a waste produced by the phosphate fertilizer industry that has relatively high concentrations of some heavy metals (e.g., Cd, Cr, Cu, Pb, V, and Zn). The present study was conducted to investigate heavy metal contamination in soils and vegetables (tomatoes and green peppers) and to evaluate the possible health risks associated with the consumption of vegetables grown in PG-amended soils. The enrichment factor values indicated that Pb, Cr, Cu, Ni, Zn, and V were depleted to minimally enriched, and Cd was moderately enriched. The pollution load index values indicated that the PG-amended soils were strongly polluted with Cd, moderately polluted with Cr and Ni, and slightly polluted with Pb, Cu, Zn and V. The geo-accumulation index values indicated that the PG-amended soils were uncontaminated with Pb, Cr, Cu, Ni, Zn, V, and moderately contaminated with Cd. The trace metal transfer for Cd, Cr, Pb, and Zn concentrations was below what are considered as acceptable limits (<1) for food production in soil and vegetables (tomatoes and green peppers) at each site area. Soil-to-plant transfer factor values decreased in order of Zn>Pb>Cd>Cr. The biological absorption coefficients in plants are, in order of highest to lowest, Pb>Zn>Cd>Cr, which suggests that Pb is more bioavailable to plants than Cd, Cr, and Zn. Furthermore, this study highlights that both adults and children consuming vegetables (e.g., tomatoes and green peppers) grown in PG-amended soils ingest significant amounts of the metals studied. However, the daily intake of metals (DIM) and the health risk index (HRI) values are <1, indicating a relative absence of health risks associated with the consumption of vegetables/fruits grown in PG-amended soils. However, while DIM and HRI values suggest that the consumption of plants grown in PG-amended soils is nearly free of risks, there are other sources of metal exposures such as dust inhalation, dermal contact, and ingestion (for children) of metal-contaminated soils, which were not included in this study. Springer Science+Business Media Dordrecht, 2014 Phosphogypsum applications nationallicence Heavy metals nationallicence Soil contamination nationallicence Plant uptake nationallicence Health risk nationallicence Jordan nationallicence Al-Hwaiti Mohammad Department of Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Al-Hussein Bin Talal University, PO Box 20, Ma'an, Jordan aut Al-Khashman Omar Department of Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Al-Hussein Bin Talal University, PO Box 20, Ma'an, Jordan aut Environmental Geochemistry and Health Springer Netherlands 37/2(2015-04-01), 287-304 0269-4042 37:2<287 2015 37 10653 https://doi.org/10.1007/s10653-014-9646-z text/html Onlinezugriff via DOI BK010053 XK010053 XK010000 Metadata rights reserved Springer special CC-BY-NC licence nationallicence 1 research-article jats NATIONALLICENCE NATIONALLICENCE NL-springer NATIONALLICENCE 856 40 https://doi.org/10.1007/s10653-014-9646-z text/html Onlinezugriff via DOI NATIONALLICENCE 700 1- Al-Hwaiti Mohammad Department of Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Al-Hussein Bin Talal University, PO Box 20, Ma'an, Jordan aut NATIONALLICENCE 700 1- Al-Khashman Omar Department of Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Al-Hussein Bin Talal University, PO Box 20, Ma'an, Jordan aut NATIONALLICENCE 773 0- Environmental Geochemistry and Health Springer Netherlands 37/2(2015-04-01), 287-304 0269-4042 37:2<287 2015 37 10653