caa a22 4500 606201955 CHVBK 20210128100951.0 cr unu---uuuuu 210128e20150501xx s 000 0 eng 10.1007/s00429-014-0871-0 doi (NATIONALLICENCE)springer-10.1007/s00429-014-0871-0 In vivo correlation between axon diameter and conduction velocity in the human brain [Elektronische Daten] [Assaf Horowitz, Daniel Barazany, Ido Tavor, Moran Bernstein, Galit Yovel, Yaniv Assaf] The understanding of the relationship between structure and function has always characterized biology in general and neurobiology in particular. One such fundamental relationship is that between axon diameter and the axon's conduction velocity (ACV). Measurement of these neuronal properties, however, requires invasive procedures that preclude direct elucidation of this relationship in vivo. Here we demonstrate that diffusion-based MRI is sensitive to the fine microstructural elements of brain wiring and can be used to quantify axon diameter in vivo. Moreover, we demonstrate the in vivo correlation between the diameter of an axon and its conduction velocity in the human brain. Using AxCaliber, a novel magnetic resonance imaging technique that enables us to estimate in vivo axon diameter distribution (ADD) and by measuring the interhemispheric transfer time (IHTT) by electroencephalography, we found significant linear correlation, across a cohort of subjects, between brain microstructure morphology (ADD) and its physiology (ACV) in the tactile and visual sensory domains. The ability to make a quantitative assessment of a fundamental physiological property in the human brain from in vivo measurements of ADD may shed new light on neurological processes occurring in neuroplasticity as well as in neurological disorders and neurodegenerative diseases. Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg, 2014 Axon diameter nationallicence Conduction velocity nationallicence Diffusion MRI nationallicence AxCaliber nationallicence EEG-ERP's nationallicence DTI nationallicence Horowitz Assaf Department of Neurobiology, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel aut Barazany Daniel Department of Neurobiology, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel aut Tavor Ido Department of Neurobiology, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel aut Bernstein Moran Department of Neurobiology, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel aut Yovel Galit School of Psychology Sciences, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel aut Assaf Yaniv Department of Neurobiology, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel aut Brain Structure and Function Springer Berlin Heidelberg 220/3(2015-05-01), 1777-1788 1863-2653 220:3<1777 2015 220 429 https://doi.org/10.1007/s00429-014-0871-0 text/html Onlinezugriff via DOI BK010053 XK010053 XK010000 Metadata rights reserved Springer special CC-BY-NC licence nationallicence 1 research-article jats NATIONALLICENCE NATIONALLICENCE NL-springer NATIONALLICENCE 856 40 https://doi.org/10.1007/s00429-014-0871-0 text/html Onlinezugriff via DOI NATIONALLICENCE 700 1- Horowitz Assaf Department of Neurobiology, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel aut NATIONALLICENCE 700 1- Barazany Daniel Department of Neurobiology, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel aut NATIONALLICENCE 700 1- Tavor Ido Department of Neurobiology, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel aut NATIONALLICENCE 700 1- Bernstein Moran Department of Neurobiology, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel aut NATIONALLICENCE 700 1- Yovel Galit School of Psychology Sciences, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel aut NATIONALLICENCE 700 1- Assaf Yaniv Department of Neurobiology, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel aut NATIONALLICENCE 773 0- Brain Structure and Function Springer Berlin Heidelberg 220/3(2015-05-01), 1777-1788 1863-2653 220:3<1777 2015 220 429