caa a22 4500 606202161 CHVBK 20210128100951.0 cr unu---uuuuu 210128e20150501xx s 000 0 eng 10.1007/s00429-014-0740-x doi (NATIONALLICENCE)springer-10.1007/s00429-014-0740-x The Lhx9 homeobox gene controls pineal gland development and prevents postnatal hydrocephalus [Elektronische Daten] [Fumiyoshi Yamazaki, Morten Møller, Cong Fu, Samuel Clokie, Artem Zykovich, Steven Coon, David Klein, Martin Rath] Lhx9 is a member of the LIM homeobox gene family. It is expressed during mammalian embryogenesis in the brain including the pineal gland. Deletion of Lhx9 results in sterility due to failure of gonadal development. The current study was initiated to investigate Lhx9 biology in the pineal gland. Lhx9 is highly expressed in the developing pineal gland of the rat with transcript abundance peaking early in development; transcript levels decrease postnatally to nearly undetectable levels in the adult, a temporal pattern that is generally similar to that reported for Lhx9 expression in other brain regions. Studies with C57BL/6J Lhx9 −/− mutant mice revealed marked alterations in brain and pineal development. Specifically, the superficial pineal gland is hypoplastic, being reduced to a small cluster of pinealocytes surrounded by meningeal and vascular tissue. The deep pineal gland and the pineal stalk are also reduced in size. Although the brains of neonatal Lhx9 −/− mutant mice appear normal, severe hydrocephalus develops in about 70% of the Lhx9 −/− mice at 5-8weeks of age; these observations are the first to document that deletion of Lhx9 results in hydrocephalus and as such indicate that Lhx9 contributes to the maintenance of normal brain structure. Whereas hydrocephalus is absent in neonatal Lhx9 −/−mutant mice, the neonatal pineal gland in these animals is hypoplastic. Accordingly, it appears that Lhx9 is essential for early development of the mammalian pineal gland and that this effect is not secondary to hydrocephalus. Springer-Verlag (outside the USA), 2014 Lhx9 nationallicence Homeobox gene nationallicence Brain development nationallicence Pineal gland nationallicence Hydrocephalus nationallicence Actb : Beta-actin nationallicence Bsx : Brain-specific homeobox nationallicence Crx : Cone-rod homeobox nationallicence E : Embryonic day nationallicence Gapdh : Glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase nationallicence LD : Light-dark schedule nationallicence Lhx : LIM homeobox nationallicence Otx : Orthodenticle homeobox nationallicence P : Postnatal day nationallicence Pax : Paired box nationallicence qRT-PCR : Quantitative real-time reverse transcription PCR nationallicence Rax : Retina and anterior neural fold homeobox nationallicence Rn28s1 : 28S ribosomal RNA nationallicence ZT : Zeitgeber time nationallicence Yamazaki Fumiyoshi Section on Neuroendocrinology, Program in Developmental Endocrinology and Genetics, The Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, 49 Convent Drive, Room 6A82, 20892-4510, Bethesda, MD, USA aut Møller Morten Department of Neuroscience and Pharmacology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark aut Fu Cong Section on Neuroendocrinology, Program in Developmental Endocrinology and Genetics, The Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, 49 Convent Drive, Room 6A82, 20892-4510, Bethesda, MD, USA aut Clokie Samuel Section on Neuroendocrinology, Program in Developmental Endocrinology and Genetics, The Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, 49 Convent Drive, Room 6A82, 20892-4510, Bethesda, MD, USA aut Zykovich Artem Section on Neuroendocrinology, Program in Developmental Endocrinology and Genetics, The Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, 49 Convent Drive, Room 6A82, 20892-4510, Bethesda, MD, USA aut Coon Steven Section on Neuroendocrinology, Program in Developmental Endocrinology and Genetics, The Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, 49 Convent Drive, Room 6A82, 20892-4510, Bethesda, MD, USA aut Klein David Section on Neuroendocrinology, Program in Developmental Endocrinology and Genetics, The Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, 49 Convent Drive, Room 6A82, 20892-4510, Bethesda, MD, USA aut Rath Martin Department of Neuroscience and Pharmacology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark aut Brain Structure and Function Springer Berlin Heidelberg 220/3(2015-05-01), 1497-1509 1863-2653 220:3<1497 2015 220 429 https://doi.org/10.1007/s00429-014-0740-x text/html Onlinezugriff via DOI BK010053 XK010053 XK010000 Metadata rights reserved Springer special CC-BY-NC licence nationallicence 1 research-article jats NATIONALLICENCE NATIONALLICENCE NL-springer NATIONALLICENCE 856 40 https://doi.org/10.1007/s00429-014-0740-x text/html Onlinezugriff via DOI NATIONALLICENCE 700 1- Yamazaki Fumiyoshi Section on Neuroendocrinology, Program in Developmental Endocrinology and Genetics, The Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, 49 Convent Drive, Room 6A82, 20892-4510, Bethesda, MD, USA aut NATIONALLICENCE 700 1- Møller Morten Department of Neuroscience and Pharmacology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark aut NATIONALLICENCE 700 1- Fu Cong Section on Neuroendocrinology, Program in Developmental Endocrinology and Genetics, The Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, 49 Convent Drive, Room 6A82, 20892-4510, Bethesda, MD, USA aut NATIONALLICENCE 700 1- Clokie Samuel Section on Neuroendocrinology, Program in Developmental Endocrinology and Genetics, The Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, 49 Convent Drive, Room 6A82, 20892-4510, Bethesda, MD, USA aut NATIONALLICENCE 700 1- Zykovich Artem Section on Neuroendocrinology, Program in Developmental Endocrinology and Genetics, The Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, 49 Convent Drive, Room 6A82, 20892-4510, Bethesda, MD, USA aut NATIONALLICENCE 700 1- Coon Steven Section on Neuroendocrinology, Program in Developmental Endocrinology and Genetics, The Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, 49 Convent Drive, Room 6A82, 20892-4510, Bethesda, MD, USA aut NATIONALLICENCE 700 1- Klein David Section on Neuroendocrinology, Program in Developmental Endocrinology and Genetics, The Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, 49 Convent Drive, Room 6A82, 20892-4510, Bethesda, MD, USA aut NATIONALLICENCE 700 1- Rath Martin Department of Neuroscience and Pharmacology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark aut NATIONALLICENCE 773 0- Brain Structure and Function Springer Berlin Heidelberg 220/3(2015-05-01), 1497-1509 1863-2653 220:3<1497 2015 220 429