caa a22 4500 606202420 CHVBK 20210128100953.0 cr unu---uuuuu 210128e20150701xx s 000 0 eng 10.1007/s00429-014-0797-6 doi (NATIONALLICENCE)springer-10.1007/s00429-014-0797-6 Interindividual differences in cognitive flexibility: influence of gray matter volume, functional connectivity and trait impulsivity [Elektronische Daten] [Veronika Müller, Robert Langner, Edna Cieslik, Claudia Rottschy, Simon Eickhoff] Cognitive flexibility, a core aspect of executive functioning, is required for the speeded shifting between different tasks and sets. Using an interindividual differences approach, we examined whether cognitive flexibility, as assessed by the Delis-Kaplan card-sorting test, is associated with gray matter volume (GMV) and functional connectivity (FC) of regions of a core network of multiple cognitive demands as well as with different facets of trait impulsivity. The core multiple-demand network was derived from three large-scale neuroimaging meta-analyses and only included regions that showed consistent associations with sustained attention, working memory as well as inhibitory control. We tested to what extent self-reported impulsivity as well as GMV and resting-state FC in this core network predicted cognitive flexibility independently and incrementally. Our analyses revealed that card-sorting performance correlated positively with GMV of the right anterior insula, FC between bilateral anterior insula and midcingulate cortex/supplementary motor area as well as the impulsivity dimension "Premeditation.” Importantly, GMV, FC and impulsivity together accounted for more variance of card-sorting performance than every parameter alone. Our results therefore indicate that various factors contribute individually to cognitive flexibility, underlining the need to search across multiple modalities when aiming to unveil the mechanisms behind executive functioning. Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg, 2014 Cognitive flexibility nationallicence Anterior insula nationallicence Salience network nationallicence Functional connectivity nationallicence Gray matter nationallicence Impulsivity nationallicence Müller Veronika Institute of Clinical Neuroscience and Medical Psychology, Heinrich Heine University, Düsseldorf, Germany aut Langner Robert Institute of Clinical Neuroscience and Medical Psychology, Heinrich Heine University, Düsseldorf, Germany aut Cieslik Edna Institute of Clinical Neuroscience and Medical Psychology, Heinrich Heine University, Düsseldorf, Germany aut Rottschy Claudia Institute of Neuroscience and Medicine, INM-1, Research Centre Jülich, Wilhelm-Johnen-Straße, Jülich, Germany aut Eickhoff Simon Institute of Clinical Neuroscience and Medical Psychology, Heinrich Heine University, Düsseldorf, Germany aut Brain Structure and Function Springer Berlin Heidelberg 220/4(2015-07-01), 2401-2414 1863-2653 220:4<2401 2015 220 429 https://doi.org/10.1007/s00429-014-0797-6 text/html Onlinezugriff via DOI BK010053 XK010053 XK010000 Metadata rights reserved Springer special CC-BY-NC licence nationallicence 1 research-article jats NATIONALLICENCE NATIONALLICENCE NL-springer NATIONALLICENCE 856 40 https://doi.org/10.1007/s00429-014-0797-6 text/html Onlinezugriff via DOI NATIONALLICENCE 700 1- Müller Veronika Institute of Clinical Neuroscience and Medical Psychology, Heinrich Heine University, Düsseldorf, Germany aut NATIONALLICENCE 700 1- Langner Robert Institute of Clinical Neuroscience and Medical Psychology, Heinrich Heine University, Düsseldorf, Germany aut NATIONALLICENCE 700 1- Cieslik Edna Institute of Clinical Neuroscience and Medical Psychology, Heinrich Heine University, Düsseldorf, Germany aut NATIONALLICENCE 700 1- Rottschy Claudia Institute of Neuroscience and Medicine, INM-1, Research Centre Jülich, Wilhelm-Johnen-Straße, Jülich, Germany aut NATIONALLICENCE 700 1- Eickhoff Simon Institute of Clinical Neuroscience and Medical Psychology, Heinrich Heine University, Düsseldorf, Germany aut NATIONALLICENCE 773 0- Brain Structure and Function Springer Berlin Heidelberg 220/4(2015-07-01), 2401-2414 1863-2653 220:4<2401 2015 220 429