caa a22 4500 60620282X CHVBK 20210128100954.0 cr unu---uuuuu 210128e20150901xx s 000 0 eng 10.1007/s00429-014-0830-9 doi (NATIONALLICENCE)springer-10.1007/s00429-014-0830-9 The neocortex of cetartiodactyls. II. Neuronal morphology of the visual and motor cortices in the giraffe ( Giraffa camelopardalis ) [Elektronische Daten] [Bob Jacobs, Tessa Harland, Deborah Kennedy, Matthew Schall, Bridget Wicinski, Camilla Butti, Patrick Hof, Chet Sherwood, Paul Manger] The present quantitative study extends our investigation of cetartiodactyls by exploring the neuronal morphology in the giraffe (Giraffa camelopardalis) neocortex. Here, we investigate giraffe primary visual and motor cortices from perfusion-fixed brains of three subadults stained with a modified rapid Golgi technique. Neurons (n=244) were quantified on a computer-assisted microscopy system. Qualitatively, the giraffe neocortex contained an array of complex spiny neurons that included both "typical” pyramidal neuron morphology and "atypical” spiny neurons in terms of morphology and/or orientation. In general, the neocortex exhibited a vertical columnar organization of apical dendrites. Although there was no significant quantitative difference in dendritic complexity for pyramidal neurons between primary visual (n=78) and motor cortices (n=65), there was a significant difference in dendritic spine density (motor cortex>visual cortex). The morphology of aspiny neurons in giraffes appeared to be similar to that of other eutherian mammals. For cross-species comparison of neuron morphology, giraffe pyramidal neurons were compared to those quantified with the same methodology in African elephants and some cetaceans (e.g., bottlenose dolphin, minke whale, humpback whale). Across species, the giraffe (and cetaceans) exhibited less widely bifurcating apical dendrites compared to elephants. Quantitative dendritic measures revealed that the elephant and humpback whale had more extensive dendrites than giraffes, whereas the minke whale and bottlenose dolphin had less extensive dendritic arbors. Spine measures were highest in the giraffe, perhaps due to the high quality, perfusion fixation. The neuronal morphology in giraffe neocortex is thus generally consistent with what is known about other cetartiodactyls. Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg, 2014 Dendrite nationallicence Morphometry nationallicence Dendritic spine nationallicence Golgi method nationallicence Brain evolution nationallicence Jacobs Bob Laboratory of Quantitative Neuromorphology, Psychology, Colorado College, 14 E. Cache La Poudre, 80903, Colorado Springs, CO, USA aut Harland Tessa Laboratory of Quantitative Neuromorphology, Psychology, Colorado College, 14 E. Cache La Poudre, 80903, Colorado Springs, CO, USA aut Kennedy Deborah Laboratory of Quantitative Neuromorphology, Psychology, Colorado College, 14 E. Cache La Poudre, 80903, Colorado Springs, CO, USA aut Schall Matthew Laboratory of Quantitative Neuromorphology, Psychology, Colorado College, 14 E. Cache La Poudre, 80903, Colorado Springs, CO, USA aut Wicinski Bridget Fishberg Department of Neuroscience and Friedman Brain Institute, Mount Sinai School of Medicine, One Gustave L. Levy Place, 10029, New York, NY, USA aut Butti Camilla Fishberg Department of Neuroscience and Friedman Brain Institute, Mount Sinai School of Medicine, One Gustave L. Levy Place, 10029, New York, NY, USA aut Hof Patrick Fishberg Department of Neuroscience and Friedman Brain Institute, Mount Sinai School of Medicine, One Gustave L. Levy Place, 10029, New York, NY, USA aut Sherwood Chet Department of Anthropology, The George Washington University, 2110 G Street, NW, 20052, Washington, DC, USA aut Manger Paul School of Anatomical Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, 7 York Road, Parktown, 2193, Johannesburg, South Africa aut Brain Structure and Function Springer Berlin Heidelberg 220/5(2015-09-01), 2851-2872 1863-2653 220:5<2851 2015 220 429 https://doi.org/10.1007/s00429-014-0830-9 text/html Onlinezugriff via DOI BK010053 XK010053 XK010000 Metadata rights reserved Springer special CC-BY-NC licence nationallicence 1 research-article jats NATIONALLICENCE NATIONALLICENCE NL-springer NATIONALLICENCE 856 40 https://doi.org/10.1007/s00429-014-0830-9 text/html Onlinezugriff via DOI NATIONALLICENCE 700 1- Jacobs Bob Laboratory of Quantitative Neuromorphology, Psychology, Colorado College, 14 E. Cache La Poudre, 80903, Colorado Springs, CO, USA aut NATIONALLICENCE 700 1- Harland Tessa Laboratory of Quantitative Neuromorphology, Psychology, Colorado College, 14 E. Cache La Poudre, 80903, Colorado Springs, CO, USA aut NATIONALLICENCE 700 1- Kennedy Deborah Laboratory of Quantitative Neuromorphology, Psychology, Colorado College, 14 E. Cache La Poudre, 80903, Colorado Springs, CO, USA aut NATIONALLICENCE 700 1- Schall Matthew Laboratory of Quantitative Neuromorphology, Psychology, Colorado College, 14 E. Cache La Poudre, 80903, Colorado Springs, CO, USA aut NATIONALLICENCE 700 1- Wicinski Bridget Fishberg Department of Neuroscience and Friedman Brain Institute, Mount Sinai School of Medicine, One Gustave L. Levy Place, 10029, New York, NY, USA aut NATIONALLICENCE 700 1- Butti Camilla Fishberg Department of Neuroscience and Friedman Brain Institute, Mount Sinai School of Medicine, One Gustave L. Levy Place, 10029, New York, NY, USA aut NATIONALLICENCE 700 1- Hof Patrick Fishberg Department of Neuroscience and Friedman Brain Institute, Mount Sinai School of Medicine, One Gustave L. Levy Place, 10029, New York, NY, USA aut NATIONALLICENCE 700 1- Sherwood Chet Department of Anthropology, The George Washington University, 2110 G Street, NW, 20052, Washington, DC, USA aut NATIONALLICENCE 700 1- Manger Paul School of Anatomical Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, 7 York Road, Parktown, 2193, Johannesburg, South Africa aut NATIONALLICENCE 773 0- Brain Structure and Function Springer Berlin Heidelberg 220/5(2015-09-01), 2851-2872 1863-2653 220:5<2851 2015 220 429