caa a22 4500 606202870 CHVBK 20210128100955.0 cr unu---uuuuu 210128e20150901xx s 000 0 eng 10.1007/s00429-014-0832-7 doi (NATIONALLICENCE)springer-10.1007/s00429-014-0832-7 Increased number of TH-immunoreactive cells in the ventral tegmental area after deep brain stimulation of the anterior nucleus of the thalamus [Elektronische Daten] [J. Dela Cruz, S. Hescham, B. Adriaanse, F. Campos, H. Steinbusch, B. Rutten, Y. Temel, A. Jahanshahi] Dopamine (DA) has been long implicated with the processes of memory. In long-term memory, the hippocampus and ventral tegmental area (VTA) use DA to enhance long-term potentiation, while prefrontal DA D1 receptors are involved in working memory. Deep brain stimulation (DBS) of specific brain areas have been shown to affect memory impairments in animal models. Here, we tested the hypothesis that DBS could reverse memory impairments by increasing the number of dopaminergic cells in the VTA. Rats received DBS at the level of the mammillothalamic tract, the anterior nucleus of the thalamus, and entorhinal cortex before euthanasia. These regions are part of the so-called memory circuit. Brain sections were processed for c-Fos and tyrosine hydroxylase (TH) immunocytochemistry in the VTA and the substantia nigra pars compacta (SNc). c-Fos, TH and c-Fos/TH immunoreactive cells were analyzed by means of stereology and confocal microscopy. Our results showed that DBS of the anterior nucleus of the thalamus induced substantial higher numbers of TH-immunoreactive cells in the VTA, while there were no significant differences between the experimental groups in the number of TH immunoreactive cells in the SNc, c-Fos immunoreactive cells and c-Fos/TH double-labeled cells in both the SNc and VTA. Our findings suggest a phenotypic switch, or neurotransmitter respecification, of DAergic cells specifically in the VTA which may be induced by DBS in the anterior nucleus of the thalamus. Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg, 2014 Deep brain stimulation nationallicence Dopamine nationallicence Substantia nigra nationallicence Ventral tegmental area nationallicence Neurotransmitter respecification nationallicence Dela Cruz J. Department of Neuroscience, Maastricht University Medical Center, Maastricht, The Netherlands aut Hescham S. Department of Neuroscience, Maastricht University Medical Center, Maastricht, The Netherlands aut Adriaanse B. Department of Neuroscience, Maastricht University Medical Center, Maastricht, The Netherlands aut Campos F. Department of Neuroscience, Maastricht University Medical Center, Maastricht, The Netherlands aut Steinbusch H. Department of Neuroscience, Maastricht University Medical Center, Maastricht, The Netherlands aut Rutten B. Department of Neuroscience, Maastricht University Medical Center, Maastricht, The Netherlands aut Temel Y. Department of Neuroscience, Maastricht University Medical Center, Maastricht, The Netherlands aut Jahanshahi A. School of Mental Health and Neuroscience, Maastricht University, PO Box 616, 6200, Maastricht, The Netherlands aut Brain Structure and Function Springer Berlin Heidelberg 220/5(2015-09-01), 3061-3066 1863-2653 220:5<3061 2015 220 429 https://doi.org/10.1007/s00429-014-0832-7 text/html Onlinezugriff via DOI BK010053 XK010053 XK010000 Metadata rights reserved Springer special CC-BY-NC licence nationallicence 1 brief-communication jats NATIONALLICENCE NATIONALLICENCE NL-springer NATIONALLICENCE 856 40 https://doi.org/10.1007/s00429-014-0832-7 text/html Onlinezugriff via DOI NATIONALLICENCE 700 1- Dela Cruz J. Department of Neuroscience, Maastricht University Medical Center, Maastricht, The Netherlands aut NATIONALLICENCE 700 1- Hescham S. Department of Neuroscience, Maastricht University Medical Center, Maastricht, The Netherlands aut NATIONALLICENCE 700 1- Adriaanse B. Department of Neuroscience, Maastricht University Medical Center, Maastricht, The Netherlands aut NATIONALLICENCE 700 1- Campos F. Department of Neuroscience, Maastricht University Medical Center, Maastricht, The Netherlands aut NATIONALLICENCE 700 1- Steinbusch H. Department of Neuroscience, Maastricht University Medical Center, Maastricht, The Netherlands aut NATIONALLICENCE 700 1- Rutten B. Department of Neuroscience, Maastricht University Medical Center, Maastricht, The Netherlands aut NATIONALLICENCE 700 1- Temel Y. Department of Neuroscience, Maastricht University Medical Center, Maastricht, The Netherlands aut NATIONALLICENCE 700 1- Jahanshahi A. School of Mental Health and Neuroscience, Maastricht University, PO Box 616, 6200, Maastricht, The Netherlands aut NATIONALLICENCE 773 0- Brain Structure and Function Springer Berlin Heidelberg 220/5(2015-09-01), 3061-3066 1863-2653 220:5<3061 2015 220 429