caa a22 4500 606203443 CHVBK 20210128100957.0 cr unu---uuuuu 210128e20150301xx s 000 0 eng 10.1007/s00429-013-0694-4 doi (NATIONALLICENCE)springer-10.1007/s00429-013-0694-4 Possible anatomical pathways for short-latency multisensory integration processes in primary sensory cortices [Elektronische Daten] [Julia Henschke, Tömme Noesselt, Henning Scheich, Eike Budinger] Multisensory integration does not only recruit higher-level association cortex, but also low-level and even primary sensory cortices. Here, we will describe and quantify two types of anatomical pathways, a thalamocortical and a corticocortical that possibly underlie short-latency multisensory integration processes in the primary auditory (A1), somatosensory (S1), and visual cortex (V1). Results were obtained from Mongolian gerbils, a common model-species in neuroscience, using simultaneous injections of different retrograde tracers into A1, S1, and V1. Several auditory, visual, and somatosensory thalamic nuclei project not only to the primary sensory area of their own (matched) but also to areas of other (non-matched) modalities. The crossmodal output ratios of these nuclei, belonging to both core and non-core sensory pathways, vary between 0.4 and 63.5% of the labeled neurons. Approximately 0.3% of the sensory thalamic input to A1, 5.0% to S1, and 2.1% to V1 arise from non-matched nuclei. V1 has most crossmodal corticocortical connections, projecting strongest to S1 and receiving a similar amount of moderate inputs from A1 and S1. S1 is mainly interconnected with V1. A1 has slightly more projections to V1 than S1, but gets just faint inputs from there. Concerning the layer-specific distribution of the retrogradely labeled somata in cortex, V1 provides the most pronounced feedforward-type outputs and receives (together with S1) most pronounced feedback-type inputs. In contrast, A1 has most pronounced feedback-type outputs and feedforward-type inputs in this network. Functionally, the different sets of thalamocortical and corticocortical connections could underlie distinctive types of integration mechanisms for different modality pairings. Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg, 2014 Crossmodal nationallicence Multimodal interplay nationallicence Phase reset nationallicence Rodent nationallicence Stimulus detection nationallicence A1 : Primary auditory cortex nationallicence APTV : Anterior pretectal nucleus, ventral division nationallicence AuD : Secondary auditory cortex, dorsal nationallicence AuV : Secondary auditory cortex, ventral nationallicence AV : Anteroventral thalamic nucleus nationallicence BIC : Brachium of the inferior colliculus nationallicence bsc : Brachium of the superior colliculus nationallicence cp : Cerebral peduncle nationallicence CPu : Caudate putamen nationallicence d : Dorsal nationallicence DLG : Dorsal lateral geniculate nucleus nationallicence ec : External capsule nationallicence FDA : Fluorescein-labeled dextran amine nationallicence fi : Fimbria hippocampus nationallicence hbc : Habenular commissure nationallicence HF : Hippocampus nationallicence HL : Hindlimb area nationallicence ic : Internal capsule nationallicence InG : Intermediate gray layer of the superior colliculus nationallicence InWh : Intermediate white layer of the superior colliculus nationallicence l : Lateral nationallicence LD : Laterodorsal thalamic nucleus nationallicence LP : Lateral posterior thalamic nucleus nationallicence m : Medial nationallicence M1/2 : Primary/secondary motor cortex nationallicence MGB : Medial geniculate body nationallicence MGD/M/V : MGB, dorsal/medial/ventral division nationallicence ml : Medial lemniscus nationallicence MV : Mean value nationallicence MZMG : Marginal zone of MGB nationallicence Op : Optic nerve layer of the superior colliculus nationallicence opt : Optic tract nationallicence pc : Posterior commissure nationallicence PLi : Posterior limitans thalamic nucleus nationallicence Po : Posterior thalamic nuclear group nationallicence r : Rostral nationallicence RSD : Retrosplenial dysgranular cortex nationallicence Rt : Reticular thalamic nucleus nationallicence S1/2 : Primary/secondary somatosensory cortex nationallicence SG : Suprageniculate nucleus nationallicence SNR : Substania nigra, reticular part nationallicence SuG : Superficial gray layer of the superior colliculus nationallicence TMRDA : Tetramethylrhodamine-labeled dextran amine nationallicence v : Ventral nationallicence V1/2 : Primary/secondary visual cortex nationallicence VA : Ventral anterior thalamic nucleus nationallicence VL : Ventrolateral thalamic nucleus nationallicence VLG : Ventral lateral geniculate nucleus nationallicence VM : Venteromedial thalalamic nucleus nationallicence VPL : Ventral posterolateral thalamic nucleus nationallicence VPM : Ventral posteromedial thalamic nucleus nationallicence ZI : Zona incerta nationallicence Henschke Julia Department Auditory Learning and Speech, Leibniz Institute for Neurobiology, Brenneckestr. 6, 39118, Magdeburg, Germany aut Noesselt Tömme Department of Biological Psychology, Institute of Psychology II, Otto-von-Guericke University Magdeburg, Universitätsplatz 2, 39106, Magdeburg, Germany aut Scheich Henning Department Auditory Learning and Speech, Leibniz Institute for Neurobiology, Brenneckestr. 6, 39118, Magdeburg, Germany aut Budinger Eike Department Auditory Learning and Speech, Leibniz Institute for Neurobiology, Brenneckestr. 6, 39118, Magdeburg, Germany aut Brain Structure and Function Springer Berlin Heidelberg 220/2(2015-03-01), 955-977 1863-2653 220:2<955 2015 220 429 https://doi.org/10.1007/s00429-013-0694-4 text/html Onlinezugriff via DOI BK010053 XK010053 XK010000 Metadata rights reserved Springer special CC-BY-NC licence nationallicence 1 research-article jats NATIONALLICENCE NATIONALLICENCE NL-springer NATIONALLICENCE 856 40 https://doi.org/10.1007/s00429-013-0694-4 text/html Onlinezugriff via DOI NATIONALLICENCE 700 1- Henschke Julia Department Auditory Learning and Speech, Leibniz Institute for Neurobiology, Brenneckestr. 6, 39118, Magdeburg, Germany aut NATIONALLICENCE 700 1- Noesselt Tömme Department of Biological Psychology, Institute of Psychology II, Otto-von-Guericke University Magdeburg, Universitätsplatz 2, 39106, Magdeburg, Germany aut NATIONALLICENCE 700 1- Scheich Henning Department Auditory Learning and Speech, Leibniz Institute for Neurobiology, Brenneckestr. 6, 39118, Magdeburg, Germany aut NATIONALLICENCE 700 1- Budinger Eike Department Auditory Learning and Speech, Leibniz Institute for Neurobiology, Brenneckestr. 6, 39118, Magdeburg, Germany aut NATIONALLICENCE 773 0- Brain Structure and Function Springer Berlin Heidelberg 220/2(2015-03-01), 955-977 1863-2653 220:2<955 2015 220 429