caa a22 4500 606203478 CHVBK 20210128100957.0 cr unu---uuuuu 210128e20150301xx s 000 0 eng 10.1007/s00429-014-0714-z doi (NATIONALLICENCE)springer-10.1007/s00429-014-0714-z Distribution of glucagon-like peptide 1-immunopositive neurons in human caudal medulla [Elektronische Daten] [Huiyuan Zheng, Li Cai, Linda Rinaman] In rodents, glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1)-positive neurons within the caudal medulla respond to a broad array of interoceptive signals that suppress food intake and drive the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal stress axis. The collective results of experiments utilizing cFos to identify activated neurons in rats and mice indicate that GLP-1 neurons are consistently activated by stimuli that present actual or anticipated threats to bodily homeostasis. The distribution of GLP-1-positive neurons in the human brain is unreported. The present study identified GLP-1-positive neurons and mapped their distribution within the caudal medulla in two adult human subjects (one female, one male). The goal of the study was to obtain structural evidence with which to challenge the general hypothesis that functions ascribed to GLP-1 neurons in rodent species may reflect parallel functions that exist in humans. In both human subjects, GLP-1-immunopositive neurons were located within the dorsal medullary region containing the caudal (visceral) nucleus of the solitary tract and in the nearby medullary reticular formation, similar to the distribution of GLP-1 neurons in rats, mice, and Old World monkeys. Quantitative analysis indicates the presence of approximately 6.5-9.3K GLP-1-positive neurons bilaterally within the human caudal medulla. It will be important in future studies to map the distribution of GLP-1-positive fibers and terminals within higher regions of the human brain, to improve our understanding of how central GLP-1 signaling pathways might influence stress responsiveness, energy balance, and other physiological and behavioral functions. Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg, 2014 Preproglucagon nationallicence Nucleus of the solitary tract nationallicence Medullary reticular formation nationallicence Zheng Huiyuan Department of Neuroscience, University of Pittsburgh, A210 Langley Hall, 15260, Pittsburgh, PA, USA aut Cai Li Department of Neuroscience, University of Pittsburgh, A210 Langley Hall, 15260, Pittsburgh, PA, USA aut Rinaman Linda Department of Neuroscience, University of Pittsburgh, A210 Langley Hall, 15260, Pittsburgh, PA, USA aut Brain Structure and Function Springer Berlin Heidelberg 220/2(2015-03-01), 1213-1219 1863-2653 220:2<1213 2015 220 429 https://doi.org/10.1007/s00429-014-0714-z text/html Onlinezugriff via DOI BK010053 XK010053 XK010000 Metadata rights reserved Springer special CC-BY-NC licence nationallicence 1 brief-communication jats NATIONALLICENCE NATIONALLICENCE NL-springer NATIONALLICENCE 856 40 https://doi.org/10.1007/s00429-014-0714-z text/html Onlinezugriff via DOI NATIONALLICENCE 700 1- Zheng Huiyuan Department of Neuroscience, University of Pittsburgh, A210 Langley Hall, 15260, Pittsburgh, PA, USA aut NATIONALLICENCE 700 1- Cai Li Department of Neuroscience, University of Pittsburgh, A210 Langley Hall, 15260, Pittsburgh, PA, USA aut NATIONALLICENCE 700 1- Rinaman Linda Department of Neuroscience, University of Pittsburgh, A210 Langley Hall, 15260, Pittsburgh, PA, USA aut NATIONALLICENCE 773 0- Brain Structure and Function Springer Berlin Heidelberg 220/2(2015-03-01), 1213-1219 1863-2653 220:2<1213 2015 220 429