caa a22 4500 606207899 CHVBK 20210128101019.0 cr unu---uuuuu 210128e20150901xx s 000 0 eng 10.1007/s00425-015-2349-6 doi (NATIONALLICENCE)springer-10.1007/s00425-015-2349-6 Anthocyanin biosynthesis in gerbera cultivar ‘Estelle' and its acyanic sport ‘Ivory' [Elektronische Daten] [Hany Bashandy, Milla Pietiäinen, Elisabete Carvalho, Kean-Jin Lim, Paula Elomaa, Stefan Martens, Teemu Teeri] Main conclusion : Identification of distinct allelic versions for dihydroflavonol 4-reductase in gerbera cultivars reveals that gerbera DFR enzymes have strong substrate preference in vivo that is not reflected to the activity in vitro. Flavonoids in the model ornamental plant Gerbera hybrida consist of flavones, flavonols and anthocyanins. Anthocyanins accumulate in the adaxial epidermis of petals and give the different cultivars their characteristic red and violet colour. Both pelargonidin and cyanidin derivatives are found in gerbera, but none of the cultivars contain delphinidin. ‘Ivory', a cultivar with white petals, is a sport of the pelargonidin-containing pink cultivar ‘Estelle', i.e. it originates from an acyanic branch of ‘Estelle'. In this work, four different alleles encoding dihydroflavonol 4-reductase (DFR) were identified in gerbera cultivars. We found that, in contrast to ‘Estelle' with the functional allele GDFR1-2, ‘Ivory' carries a mutation in this gene that results in an inactive enzyme. Interestingly, ‘Ivory' also expresses a second, nonmutated allele (GDFR1-3) in petal epidermi, leading to extractable DFR activity but not to anthocyanin biosynthesis. The second allele encodes a protein identical in amino acid sequence to the DFR of the cyanidin-containing variety ‘President'. Pelargonidin-containing cultivars do not react to the flavonoid 3′-hydroxylase inhibitor tetcyclacis, but cyanidin-containing cultivars lose their colour, instead of starting to synthesise pelargonidins, indicating the specificity of GDFR1-3 for the cyanidin pathway. This explains why petals of ‘Ivory' are white, even when it has lost only one of the two enzymatically functional DFR forms, and shows that anthocyanin biosynthesis in gerbera is under more complex regulation than earlier thought. Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg, 2015 Dihydroflavonol 4-reductase nationallicence Flavonoids nationallicence Gerbera hybrida nationallicence 3GT : Anthocyanidin 3-O-glycosyltransferase nationallicence ANS : Anthocyanidin synthase nationallicence CY : Cyanidin nationallicence DHK : Dihydrokaempferol nationallicence DHQ : Dihydroquercetin nationallicence DFR : Dihydroflavonol 4-reductase nationallicence F3′H : Flavonoid 3′-hydroxylase nationallicence LCY : Leucocyanidin nationallicence LPG : Leucopelargonidin nationallicence PG : Pelargonidin nationallicence TET : Tetcyclacis nationallicence Bashandy Hany Department of Agricultural Sciences, Viikki Plant Science Centre, University of Helsinki, P.O. Box 27, 00014, Helsinki, Finland aut Pietiäinen Milla Department of Agricultural Sciences, Viikki Plant Science Centre, University of Helsinki, P.O. Box 27, 00014, Helsinki, Finland aut Carvalho Elisabete Fondazione Edmund Mach, Centro Ricerca e Innovazione, Department of Food Quality and Nutrition, Via E. Mach, 1-38010, San Michele all'Adige, TN, Italy aut Lim Kean-Jin Department of Agricultural Sciences, Viikki Plant Science Centre, University of Helsinki, P.O. Box 27, 00014, Helsinki, Finland aut Elomaa Paula Department of Agricultural Sciences, Viikki Plant Science Centre, University of Helsinki, P.O. Box 27, 00014, Helsinki, Finland aut Martens Stefan Fondazione Edmund Mach, Centro Ricerca e Innovazione, Department of Food Quality and Nutrition, Via E. Mach, 1-38010, San Michele all'Adige, TN, Italy aut Teeri Teemu Department of Agricultural Sciences, Viikki Plant Science Centre, University of Helsinki, P.O. Box 27, 00014, Helsinki, Finland aut Planta Springer Berlin Heidelberg 242/3(2015-09-01), 601-611 0032-0935 242:3<601 2015 242 425 https://doi.org/10.1007/s00425-015-2349-6 text/html Onlinezugriff via DOI BK010053 XK010053 XK010000 Metadata rights reserved Springer special CC-BY-NC licence nationallicence 1 research-article jats NATIONALLICENCE NATIONALLICENCE NL-springer NATIONALLICENCE 856 40 https://doi.org/10.1007/s00425-015-2349-6 text/html Onlinezugriff via DOI NATIONALLICENCE 700 1- Bashandy Hany Department of Agricultural Sciences, Viikki Plant Science Centre, University of Helsinki, P.O. Box 27, 00014, Helsinki, Finland aut NATIONALLICENCE 700 1- Pietiäinen Milla Department of Agricultural Sciences, Viikki Plant Science Centre, University of Helsinki, P.O. Box 27, 00014, Helsinki, Finland aut NATIONALLICENCE 700 1- Carvalho Elisabete Fondazione Edmund Mach, Centro Ricerca e Innovazione, Department of Food Quality and Nutrition, Via E. Mach, 1-38010, San Michele all'Adige, TN, Italy aut NATIONALLICENCE 700 1- Lim Kean-Jin Department of Agricultural Sciences, Viikki Plant Science Centre, University of Helsinki, P.O. Box 27, 00014, Helsinki, Finland aut NATIONALLICENCE 700 1- Elomaa Paula Department of Agricultural Sciences, Viikki Plant Science Centre, University of Helsinki, P.O. Box 27, 00014, Helsinki, Finland aut NATIONALLICENCE 700 1- Martens Stefan Fondazione Edmund Mach, Centro Ricerca e Innovazione, Department of Food Quality and Nutrition, Via E. Mach, 1-38010, San Michele all'Adige, TN, Italy aut NATIONALLICENCE 700 1- Teeri Teemu Department of Agricultural Sciences, Viikki Plant Science Centre, University of Helsinki, P.O. Box 27, 00014, Helsinki, Finland aut NATIONALLICENCE 773 0- Planta Springer Berlin Heidelberg 242/3(2015-09-01), 601-611 0032-0935 242:3<601 2015 242 425