caa a22 4500 606207945 CHVBK 20210128101019.0 cr unu---uuuuu 210128e20150901xx s 000 0 eng 10.1007/s00425-015-2293-5 doi (NATIONALLICENCE)springer-10.1007/s00425-015-2293-5 Multiple evolution of flavonoid 3′,5′-hydroxylase [Elektronische Daten] [Christian Seitz, Stefanie Ameres, Karin Schlangen, Gert Forkmann, Heidi Halbwirth] Main conclusion : Multiple F3′5′H evolution from F3′H has occurred in dicotyledonous plants. Efficient pollinator attraction is probably the driving force behind, as this allowed for the synthesis of delphinidin-based blue anthocyanins. The cytochrome P450-dependent monooxygenases flavonoid 3′-hydroxylase (F3′H) and flavonoid 3′,5′-hydroxylase (F3′5′H) hydroxylate the B-ring of flavonoids at the 3′- and 3′- and 5′-position, respectively. Their divergence took place early in plant evolution. While F3′H is ubiquitously present in higher plants, the distribution of F3′5′H is scattered. Here, we report that F3′5′H has repeatedly evolved from F3′H precursors at least four times in dicotyledonous plants: In the Asteraceae, we identified F3′5′Hs specific for the subfamilies Cichorioideae and Asteroideae, and additionally an F3′5′H that seems to be specific for the genus Echinops of the subfamily Carduoideae; moreover, characterisation of a sequence from Billardiera heterophylla (formerly Sollya heterophylla) (Pittosporaceae) showed that the independent evolution of an F3′5′H has occurred at least once also in another family. The evolution of F3′5′H from an F3′H precursor represents a gain of enzymatic function, probably triggered by an amino acid change at one position of substrate recognition site 6. The gain of F3′5′H activity allows for the synthesis of delphinidin-based anthocyanins which usually provide the basis for lilac to blue flower colours. Therefore, the need for an efficient pollinator attraction is probably the driving force behind the multiple F3′5′H evolution. Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg, 2015 Blue flower colour nationallicence Cytochrome P450-dependent monooxygenase nationallicence Delphinidin nationallicence Flavonoid 3′,5′-hydroxylase (F3′5′H) nationallicence Flavonoid 3′-hydroxylase (F3′H) nationallicence Pollinator attraction nationallicence BEBm : Bayes empirical Bayes nationallicence Cy : Cyanidin nationallicence CYP : Cytochrome P450 nationallicence Dp : Delphinidin nationallicence GOF : Gain of function nationallicence LOF : Loss of function nationallicence LRT : Likelihood ratio test nationallicence MSA : Multiple sequence alignment nationallicence Pg : Pelargonidin nationallicence SRS : Substrate recognition site nationallicence Seitz Christian Chair of Floriculture Crops and Horticultural Plant Breeding, Technical University Munich, Am Hochanger 4, 85350, Freising, Germany aut Ameres Stefanie Chair of Floriculture Crops and Horticultural Plant Breeding, Technical University Munich, Am Hochanger 4, 85350, Freising, Germany aut Schlangen Karin Institut für Verfahrenstechnik, Umwelttechnik und Technische Biowissenschaften, Technische Universität Wien, Getreidemarkt 9/166, 1060, Vienna, Austria aut Forkmann Gert Chair of Floriculture Crops and Horticultural Plant Breeding, Technical University Munich, Am Hochanger 4, 85350, Freising, Germany aut Halbwirth Heidi Institut für Verfahrenstechnik, Umwelttechnik und Technische Biowissenschaften, Technische Universität Wien, Getreidemarkt 9/166, 1060, Vienna, Austria aut Planta Springer Berlin Heidelberg 242/3(2015-09-01), 561-573 0032-0935 242:3<561 2015 242 425 https://doi.org/10.1007/s00425-015-2293-5 text/html Onlinezugriff via DOI BK010053 XK010053 XK010000 Metadata rights reserved Springer special CC-BY-NC licence nationallicence 1 research-article jats NATIONALLICENCE NATIONALLICENCE NL-springer NATIONALLICENCE 856 40 https://doi.org/10.1007/s00425-015-2293-5 text/html Onlinezugriff via DOI NATIONALLICENCE 700 1- Seitz Christian Chair of Floriculture Crops and Horticultural Plant Breeding, Technical University Munich, Am Hochanger 4, 85350, Freising, Germany aut NATIONALLICENCE 700 1- Ameres Stefanie Chair of Floriculture Crops and Horticultural Plant Breeding, Technical University Munich, Am Hochanger 4, 85350, Freising, Germany aut NATIONALLICENCE 700 1- Schlangen Karin Institut für Verfahrenstechnik, Umwelttechnik und Technische Biowissenschaften, Technische Universität Wien, Getreidemarkt 9/166, 1060, Vienna, Austria aut NATIONALLICENCE 700 1- Forkmann Gert Chair of Floriculture Crops and Horticultural Plant Breeding, Technical University Munich, Am Hochanger 4, 85350, Freising, Germany aut NATIONALLICENCE 700 1- Halbwirth Heidi Institut für Verfahrenstechnik, Umwelttechnik und Technische Biowissenschaften, Technische Universität Wien, Getreidemarkt 9/166, 1060, Vienna, Austria aut NATIONALLICENCE 773 0- Planta Springer Berlin Heidelberg 242/3(2015-09-01), 561-573 0032-0935 242:3<561 2015 242 425