caa a22 4500 60620797X CHVBK 20210128101020.0 cr unu---uuuuu 210128e20150901xx s 000 0 eng 10.1007/s00425-015-2347-8 doi (NATIONALLICENCE)springer-10.1007/s00425-015-2347-8 Seasonal variation in formation, structure, and chemical properties of phloem in Picea abies as studied by novel microtechniques [Elektronische Daten] [Tuula Jyske, Jussi-Petteri Suuronen, Andrey Pranovich, Tapio Laakso, Ugai Watanabe, Katsushi Kuroda, Hisashi Abe] Main conclusion : Phloem production and structural development were interlinked with seasonal variation in the primary and secondary metabolites of phloem. Novel microtechniques provided new perspectives on understanding phloem structure and chemistry. To gain new insights into phloem formation in Norway spruce (Picea abies), we monitored phloem cell production and seasonal variation in the primary and secondary metabolites of inner bark (non-structural carbohydrates and phenolic stilbene glucosides) during the 2012 growing season in southern and northern Finland. The structure of developing phloem was visualised in 3D by synchrotron X-ray microtomography. The chemical features of developing phloem tissues isolated by laser microdissection were analysed by chemical microanalysis. Within-year phloem formation was associated with seasonal changes in non-structural carbohydrates and phenolic extractive contents of inner bark. The onset of phloem cell production occurred in early and mid-May in southern and northern Finland, respectively. The maximal rate of phloem production and formation of a tangential band of axial phloem parenchyma occurred in mid-June, when total non-structural carbohydrates peaked (due to the high amount of starch). In contrast, soluble sugar content dropped during the most active growth period and increased in late summer and winter. The 3D visualisation showed that the new axial parenchyma clearly enlarged from June to August. Sub-cellular changes appeared to be associated with accumulation of stilbene glucosides and soluble sugars in the newest phloem. Stilbene glucosides also increased in inner bark during late summer and winter. Our findings may indicate that stilbene biosynthesis in older phloem predominantly occurs after the formation of the new band(s) of axial parenchyma. The complementary use of novel microtechniques provides new perspectives on the formation, structure, and chemistry of phloem. Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg, 2015 Carbohydrates nationallicence Laser microdissection nationallicence Microtomography nationallicence Phloem parenchyma nationallicence Phenolics nationallicence Stilbene glucosides nationallicence BH : Breast height (1.3m) nationallicence CB : Base of the living crown nationallicence LMD : Laser microdissection nationallicence N1 : Site at Kivalo, in northern Finland nationallicence NSC : Non-structural carbohydrates (defined here as soluble sugars+starch) nationallicence S1 : Site 1, Haapastensyrjä, in southern Finland nationallicence S2 : Site 2, Ruotsinkylä, in southern Finland nationallicence µCT : Synchrotron X-ray microtomography nationallicence Jyske Tuula Natural Resources Institute Finland (Luke), New Business Opportunities, Jokiniemenkuja 1, 01370, Vantaa, Finland aut Suuronen Jussi-Petteri ESRF-The European Synchrotron, CS40220, 38043, Grenoble Cedex 9, France aut Pranovich Andrey Process Chemistry Center, Åbo Akademi University, Porthaninkatu 3, 20500, Turku, Finland aut Laakso Tapio Natural Resources Institute Finland (Luke), New Business Opportunities, Jokiniemenkuja 1, 01370, Vantaa, Finland aut Watanabe Ugai Department of Life and Environmental Sciences, Chiba Institute of Technology, 2-17-1 Tsudanuma Narashino, 275-0016, Chiba, Japan aut Kuroda Katsushi Forestry and Forest Products Research Institute, 1 Matsunosato, 305-8687, Tsukuba, Japan aut Abe Hisashi Forestry and Forest Products Research Institute, 1 Matsunosato, 305-8687, Tsukuba, Japan aut Planta Springer Berlin Heidelberg 242/3(2015-09-01), 613-629 0032-0935 242:3<613 2015 242 425 https://doi.org/10.1007/s00425-015-2347-8 text/html Onlinezugriff via DOI BK010053 XK010053 XK010000 Metadata rights reserved Springer special CC-BY-NC licence nationallicence 1 research-article jats NATIONALLICENCE NATIONALLICENCE NL-springer NATIONALLICENCE 856 40 https://doi.org/10.1007/s00425-015-2347-8 text/html Onlinezugriff via DOI NATIONALLICENCE 700 1- Jyske Tuula Natural Resources Institute Finland (Luke), New Business Opportunities, Jokiniemenkuja 1, 01370, Vantaa, Finland aut NATIONALLICENCE 700 1- Suuronen Jussi-Petteri ESRF-The European Synchrotron, CS40220, 38043, Grenoble Cedex 9, France aut NATIONALLICENCE 700 1- Pranovich Andrey Process Chemistry Center, Åbo Akademi University, Porthaninkatu 3, 20500, Turku, Finland aut NATIONALLICENCE 700 1- Laakso Tapio Natural Resources Institute Finland (Luke), New Business Opportunities, Jokiniemenkuja 1, 01370, Vantaa, Finland aut NATIONALLICENCE 700 1- Watanabe Ugai Department of Life and Environmental Sciences, Chiba Institute of Technology, 2-17-1 Tsudanuma Narashino, 275-0016, Chiba, Japan aut NATIONALLICENCE 700 1- Kuroda Katsushi Forestry and Forest Products Research Institute, 1 Matsunosato, 305-8687, Tsukuba, Japan aut NATIONALLICENCE 700 1- Abe Hisashi Forestry and Forest Products Research Institute, 1 Matsunosato, 305-8687, Tsukuba, Japan aut NATIONALLICENCE 773 0- Planta Springer Berlin Heidelberg 242/3(2015-09-01), 613-629 0032-0935 242:3<613 2015 242 425