caa a22 4500 60620878X CHVBK 20210128101024.0 cr unu---uuuuu 210128e20150601xx s 000 0 eng 10.1007/s00425-015-2254-z doi (NATIONALLICENCE)springer-10.1007/s00425-015-2254-z A small, differentially regulated family of farnesyl diphosphate synthases in maize ( Zea mays ) provides farnesyl diphosphate for the biosynthesis of herbivore-induced sesquiterpenes [Elektronische Daten] [Annett Richter, Irmgard Seidl-Adams, Tobias Köllner, Claudia Schaff, James Tumlinson, Jörg Degenhardt] Main conclusion : Of the three functional FPPS identified in maize, fpps3 is induced by herbivory to produce FDP important for the formation of the volatile sesquiterpenes of plant defense. Sesquiterpenes are not only crucial for the growth and development of a plant but also for its interaction with the environment. The biosynthesis of sesquiterpenes proceeds over farnesyl diphosphate (FDP), which is either used as a substrate for protein prenylation, converted to squalene, orto volatile sesquiterpenes. To elucidate the regulation of sesquiterpene biosynthesis in maize, we identified and characterized the farnesyl diphosphate synthase (FPPS) gene family which consists of three genes. Synteny analysis indicates that fpps2 and fpps3 originate from a genome duplication in an ancient tetraploid ancestor. The three FPPSs encode active enzymes that produce predominantly FDP from the isopentenyl diphosphate and dimethylallyl diphosphate substrates. Only fpps1 and fpps3 are induced by elicitor treatment, but induced fpps1 levels are much lower and only increased to the amounts of fpps3 levels in intact leaves. Elicitor-induced fpps3 levels in leaves increase to more than 15-fold of background levels. In undamaged roots, transcript levels of fpps1 are higher than those of fpps3, but only fpps3 transcripts are induced in response to herbivory by Diabrotica virgifera virgifera. A kinetic of transcript abundance in response to herbivory in leaves provided further evidence that the regulation of fpps3 corresponds to that of tps23, a terpene synthase, that converts FDP to the volatile (E)-ß-caryophyllene. Our study indicates that the differential expression of fpps1 and fpps3 provides maize with FDP for both primary metabolism and terpene-based defenses. The expression of fpps3 seems to coincide with the herbivore-induced emission of volatile sesquiterpenes that were demonstrated to be important defense signals. Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg, 2015 Farnesyl diphosphate nationallicence Plant defense nationallicence Sesquiterpenes nationallicence Terpene biosynthesis nationallicence Volatile terpenes nationallicence DMADP : Dimethylallyl diphosphate nationallicence FARM : First aspartate-rich motif nationallicence FDP : Farnesyl diphosphate nationallicence FPPS : Farnesyl diphosphate synthase nationallicence GDP : Geranyl diphosphate nationallicence GGDP : Geranylgeranyl diphosphate nationallicence GGPPS : Geranylgeranyl diphosphate synthase nationallicence IDP : Isopentenyl diphoshphate nationallicence LG : Linolenoyl-l-glutamine nationallicence SARM : Second aspartate-rich motif nationallicence TPS : Terpene synthase nationallicence Richter Annett Institute of Pharmacy, Martin Luther University Halle, Hoher Weg 8, 06120, Halle, Germany aut Seidl-Adams Irmgard Chemical Ecology, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, 16802, State College, PA, USA aut Köllner Tobias Max Planck Institute for Chemical Ecology, Hans-Knöll-Strasse 8, 07745, Jena, Germany aut Schaff Claudia Institute of Pharmacy, Martin Luther University Halle, Hoher Weg 8, 06120, Halle, Germany aut Tumlinson James Chemical Ecology, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, 16802, State College, PA, USA aut Degenhardt Jörg Institute of Pharmacy, Martin Luther University Halle, Hoher Weg 8, 06120, Halle, Germany aut Planta Springer Berlin Heidelberg 241/6(2015-06-01), 1351-1361 0032-0935 241:6<1351 2015 241 425 https://doi.org/10.1007/s00425-015-2254-z text/html Onlinezugriff via DOI BK010053 XK010053 XK010000 Metadata rights reserved Springer special CC-BY-NC licence nationallicence 1 research-article jats NATIONALLICENCE NATIONALLICENCE NL-springer NATIONALLICENCE 856 40 https://doi.org/10.1007/s00425-015-2254-z text/html Onlinezugriff via DOI NATIONALLICENCE 700 1- Richter Annett Institute of Pharmacy, Martin Luther University Halle, Hoher Weg 8, 06120, Halle, Germany aut NATIONALLICENCE 700 1- Seidl-Adams Irmgard Chemical Ecology, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, 16802, State College, PA, USA aut NATIONALLICENCE 700 1- Köllner Tobias Max Planck Institute for Chemical Ecology, Hans-Knöll-Strasse 8, 07745, Jena, Germany aut NATIONALLICENCE 700 1- Schaff Claudia Institute of Pharmacy, Martin Luther University Halle, Hoher Weg 8, 06120, Halle, Germany aut NATIONALLICENCE 700 1- Tumlinson James Chemical Ecology, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, 16802, State College, PA, USA aut NATIONALLICENCE 700 1- Degenhardt Jörg Institute of Pharmacy, Martin Luther University Halle, Hoher Weg 8, 06120, Halle, Germany aut NATIONALLICENCE 773 0- Planta Springer Berlin Heidelberg 241/6(2015-06-01), 1351-1361 0032-0935 241:6<1351 2015 241 425