caa a22 4500 606209131 CHVBK 20210128101026.0 cr unu---uuuuu 210128e20150301xx s 000 0 eng 10.1007/s00425-014-2213-0 doi (NATIONALLICENCE)springer-10.1007/s00425-014-2213-0 Biosynthetic routes of hydroxylated carotenoids (xanthophylls) in Marchantia polymorpha , and production of novel and rare xanthophylls through pathway engineering in Escherichia coli [Elektronische Daten] [Miho Takemura, Takashi Maoka, Norihiko Misawa] Main conclusion : MpBHY codes for a carotene β-ring 3(,3′)-hydroxylase responsible for both zeaxanthin and lutein biosynthesis in liverwort. MpCYP97C functions as an ε-ring hydroxylase (zeinoxanthin 3′-hydroxylase) to produce lutein in liverwort. Abstract: Xanthophylls are oxygenated or hydroxylated carotenes that are most abundant in the light-harvesting complexes of plants. The plant-type xanthophylls consist of α-xanthophyll (lutein) and β-xanthophylls (zeaxanthin, antheraxanthin, violaxanthin and neoxanthin). The α-xanthophyll and β-xanthophylls are derived from α-carotene and β-carotene by carotene hydroxylase activities, respectively. β-Ring 3,3′-hydroxylase that mediates the route of zeaxanthin from β-carotene via β-cryptoxanthin is present in higher plants and is encoded by the BHY (BCH) gene. On the other hand, CYP97A (or BHY) and CYP97C genes are responsible for β-ring 3-hydroxylation and ε-ring 3′-hydroxylation, respectively, in routes from α-carotene to lutein. To elucidate the evolution of the biosynthetic routes of such hydroxylated carotenoids from carotenes in land plants, we identified and functionally analyzed carotenoid hydroxylase genes of liverwort Marchantia polymorpha L. Three genes homologous to higher plants, BHY, CYP97A, and CYP97C, were isolated and named MpBHY, MpCYP97A, and MpCYP97C, respectively. MpBHY was found to code for β-ring hydroxylase, which is responsible for both routes starting from β-carotene and α-carotene. MpCYP97C functioned as an ε-ring hydroxylase not for α-carotene but for zeinoxanthin, while MpCYP97A showed no hydroxylation activity for β-carotene or α-carotene. These findings suggest the original functions of the hydroxylation enzymes of carotenes in land plants, which are thought to diversify in higher plants. In addition, we generated recombinant Escherichia coli cells, which produced rare and novel carotenoids such as α-echinenone and 4-ketozeinoxanthin, through pathway engineering using bacterial carotenogenic genes that include crtW, in addition to the liverwort MpLCYb, MpLCYe and MpBHY genes. Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg, 2014 α-Xanthophyll nationallicence CYP97 nationallicence Liverwort nationallicence Carotene hydroxylase nationallicence Marchantia polymorpha nationallicence BCH : β-Carotene 3,3′-hydroxylase nationallicence BHY : β-Carotene 3,3′-hydroxylase nationallicence CD : Circular dichroism nationallicence CYP : Cytochrome P450 nationallicence LCYb : Lycopene β-cyclase nationallicence LCYe : Lycopene ε-cyclase nationallicence NMR : Nuclear magnetic resonance nationallicence Takemura Miho Research Institute for Bioresources and Biotechnology, Ishikawa Prefectural University, 1-308, Suematsu, 921-8836, Nonoichi, Ishikawa, Japan aut Maoka Takashi Research Institute for Bioresources and Biotechnology, Ishikawa Prefectural University, 1-308, Suematsu, 921-8836, Nonoichi, Ishikawa, Japan aut Misawa Norihiko Research Institute for Bioresources and Biotechnology, Ishikawa Prefectural University, 1-308, Suematsu, 921-8836, Nonoichi, Ishikawa, Japan aut Planta Springer Berlin Heidelberg 241/3(2015-03-01), 699-710 0032-0935 241:3<699 2015 241 425 https://doi.org/10.1007/s00425-014-2213-0 text/html Onlinezugriff via DOI BK010053 XK010053 XK010000 Metadata rights reserved Springer special CC-BY-NC licence nationallicence 1 research-article jats NATIONALLICENCE NATIONALLICENCE NL-springer NATIONALLICENCE 856 40 https://doi.org/10.1007/s00425-014-2213-0 text/html Onlinezugriff via DOI NATIONALLICENCE 700 1- Takemura Miho Research Institute for Bioresources and Biotechnology, Ishikawa Prefectural University, 1-308, Suematsu, 921-8836, Nonoichi, Ishikawa, Japan aut NATIONALLICENCE 700 1- Maoka Takashi Research Institute for Bioresources and Biotechnology, Ishikawa Prefectural University, 1-308, Suematsu, 921-8836, Nonoichi, Ishikawa, Japan aut NATIONALLICENCE 700 1- Misawa Norihiko Research Institute for Bioresources and Biotechnology, Ishikawa Prefectural University, 1-308, Suematsu, 921-8836, Nonoichi, Ishikawa, Japan aut NATIONALLICENCE 773 0- Planta Springer Berlin Heidelberg 241/3(2015-03-01), 699-710 0032-0935 241:3<699 2015 241 425