caa a22 4500 606209468 CHVBK 20210128101028.0 cr unu---uuuuu 210128e20150501xx s 000 0 eng 10.1007/s00425-015-2251-2 doi (NATIONALLICENCE)springer-10.1007/s00425-015-2251-2 The genetics of reproductive organ morphology in two Petunia species with contrasting pollination syndromes [Elektronische Daten] [Katrin Hermann, Ulrich Klahre, Julien Venail, Anna Brandenburg, Cris Kuhlemeier] Main conclusion : Switches between pollination syndromes have happened frequently during angiosperm evolution. Using QTL mapping and reciprocal introgressions, we show that changes in reproductive organ morphology have a simple genetic basis. In animal-pollinated plants, flowers have evolved to optimize pollination efficiency by different pollinator guilds and hence reproductive success. The two Petunia species, P. axillaris and P. exserta, display pollination syndromes adapted to moth or hummingbird pollination. For the floral traits color and scent, genetic loci of large phenotypic effect have been well documented. However, such large-effect loci may be typical for shifts in simple biochemical traits, whereas the evolution of morphological traits may involve multiple mutations of small phenotypic effect. Here, we performed a quantitative trait locus (QTL) analysis of floral morphology, followed by an in-depth study of pistil and stamen morphology and the introgression of individual QTL into reciprocal parental backgrounds. Two QTLs, on chromosomes II and V, are sufficient to explain the interspecific difference in pistil and stamen length. Since most of the difference in organ length is caused by differences in cell number, genes underlying these QTLs are likely to be involved in cell cycle regulation. Interestingly, conservation of the locus on chromosome II in a different P. axillaris subspecies suggests that the evolution of organ elongation was initiated on chromosome II in adaptation to different pollinators. We recently showed that QTLs for pistil and stamen length on chromosome II are tightly linked to QTLs for petal color and volatile emission. Linkage of multiple traits will enable major phenotypic change within a few generations in hybridizing populations. Thus, the genomic architecture of pollination syndromes in Petunia allows for rapid responses to changing pollinator availability. Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg, 2015 Mating system evolution nationallicence Near-isogenic lines nationallicence QTL nationallicence Petunia nationallicence Reproductive organ morphology nationallicence Speciation nationallicence BLAST : Basic local alignment search tool nationallicence CAPS : Cleaved amplified polymorphic sequence nationallicence IL : Introgression line nationallicence LOD : Logarithm of the odds nationallicence PVE : Phenotypic variation explained nationallicence QTL : Quantitative trait locus nationallicence Hermann Katrin Institute of Plant Sciences, Altenbergrain 21, 3013, Bern, Switzerland aut Klahre Ulrich Institute of Plant Sciences, Altenbergrain 21, 3013, Bern, Switzerland aut Venail Julien Institute of Plant Sciences, Altenbergrain 21, 3013, Bern, Switzerland aut Brandenburg Anna Institute of Plant Sciences, Altenbergrain 21, 3013, Bern, Switzerland aut Kuhlemeier Cris Institute of Plant Sciences, Altenbergrain 21, 3013, Bern, Switzerland aut Planta Springer Berlin Heidelberg 241/5(2015-05-01), 1241-1254 0032-0935 241:5<1241 2015 241 425 https://doi.org/10.1007/s00425-015-2251-2 text/html Onlinezugriff via DOI BK010053 XK010053 XK010000 Metadata rights reserved Springer special CC-BY-NC licence nationallicence 1 research-article jats NATIONALLICENCE NATIONALLICENCE NL-springer NATIONALLICENCE 856 40 https://doi.org/10.1007/s00425-015-2251-2 text/html Onlinezugriff via DOI NATIONALLICENCE 700 1- Hermann Katrin Institute of Plant Sciences, Altenbergrain 21, 3013, Bern, Switzerland aut NATIONALLICENCE 700 1- Klahre Ulrich Institute of Plant Sciences, Altenbergrain 21, 3013, Bern, Switzerland aut NATIONALLICENCE 700 1- Venail Julien Institute of Plant Sciences, Altenbergrain 21, 3013, Bern, Switzerland aut NATIONALLICENCE 700 1- Brandenburg Anna Institute of Plant Sciences, Altenbergrain 21, 3013, Bern, Switzerland aut NATIONALLICENCE 700 1- Kuhlemeier Cris Institute of Plant Sciences, Altenbergrain 21, 3013, Bern, Switzerland aut NATIONALLICENCE 773 0- Planta Springer Berlin Heidelberg 241/5(2015-05-01), 1241-1254 0032-0935 241:5<1241 2015 241 425