caa a22 4500 606209514 CHVBK 20210128101028.0 cr unu---uuuuu 210128e20150501xx s 000 0 eng 10.1007/s00425-014-2238-4 doi (NATIONALLICENCE)springer-10.1007/s00425-014-2238-4 Functional characterization of an anthocyanidin reductase gene from the fibers of upland cotton ( Gossypium hirsutum ) [Elektronische Daten] [Yue Zhu, Haiyun Wang, Qingzhong Peng, Yuntao Tang, Guixian Xia, Jiahe Wu, De-Yu Xie] Main conclusion : Metabolic profiling, gene cloning, enzymatic analysis, ectopic expression, and gene silencing experiments demonstrate that the anthocyanidin reductase (ANR) pathway is involved in the biosynthesis of proanthocyanidins in upland cotton. Proanthocyanidins (PAs) are oligomeric or polymeric flavan-3-ols, however, the biosynthetic pathway of PAs in cotton remains to be elucidated. Here, we report on an anthocyanidin reductase (ANR) gene from cotton fibers and the ANR pathway of PAs. Phytochemical analysis demonstrated that leaves, stems, roots, and early developing fibers produced PAs and their monomers, including (−)-epicatechin, (−)-catechin, (−)-epigallocatechin, and (−)-gallocatechin. Crude PA extractions from different tissues were boiled in Butanol:HCl. Cyanidin, delphinidin, and pelargonidin were produced, indicating that cotton PAs include diverse extension unit structures. An ANR cDNA homolog (named GhANR1) was cloned from developing fibers. The open reading frame, composed of 1,011bp nucleotides, was expressed in E. coli to obtain a recombinant protein. In the presence of NADPH, the recombinant enzyme catalyzed cyanidin, delphinidin, and pelargonidin to (−)-epicatechin and (−)-catechin, (−)-epigallocatechin and (−)-gallocatechin, and (−)-epiafzelechin and (−)-afzelechin, respectively. The ectopic expression of GhANR11 in an Arabidopsis ban mutant allowed for the reconstruction of the ANR pathway and PA biosynthesis in the seed coat. Virus-induced gene silencing (VIGS) of GhANR11 led to a significant increase in anthocyanins and a decrease in the PAs, (−)-epicatechin, and (−)-catechin in the stems and leaves of VIGS-infected plants. Taken together, these data demonstrate that the ANR pathway contributes to the biosynthesis of flavan-3-ols and PAs in cotton. Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg, 2015 Gossypium hirsutum nationallicence Proanthocyanidins nationallicence Anthocyanidin reductase nationallicence Flavan-3-ols nationallicence Zhu Yue The State Key Laboratory of Plant Genomics, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China aut Wang Haiyun The State Key Laboratory of Plant Genomics, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China aut Peng Qingzhong Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Resources Conservation and Utilization, College of Biology and Environmental Sciences, Jishou University, No.120 Ren Min Nan Lu, 416000, Jishou, Hunan, People's Republic of China aut Tang Yuntao Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Resources Conservation and Utilization, College of Biology and Environmental Sciences, Jishou University, No.120 Ren Min Nan Lu, 416000, Jishou, Hunan, People's Republic of China aut Xia Guixian The State Key Laboratory of Plant Genomics, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China aut Wu Jiahe The State Key Laboratory of Plant Genomics, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China aut Xie De-Yu Department of Plant and Microbial Biology, North Carolina State University, 27695, Raleigh, NC, USA aut Planta Springer Berlin Heidelberg 241/5(2015-05-01), 1075-1089 0032-0935 241:5<1075 2015 241 425 https://doi.org/10.1007/s00425-014-2238-4 text/html Onlinezugriff via DOI BK010053 XK010053 XK010000 Metadata rights reserved Springer special CC-BY-NC licence nationallicence 1 research-article jats NATIONALLICENCE NATIONALLICENCE NL-springer NATIONALLICENCE 856 40 https://doi.org/10.1007/s00425-014-2238-4 text/html Onlinezugriff via DOI NATIONALLICENCE 700 1- Zhu Yue The State Key Laboratory of Plant Genomics, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China aut NATIONALLICENCE 700 1- Wang Haiyun The State Key Laboratory of Plant Genomics, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China aut NATIONALLICENCE 700 1- Peng Qingzhong Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Resources Conservation and Utilization, College of Biology and Environmental Sciences, Jishou University, No.120 Ren Min Nan Lu, 416000, Jishou, Hunan, People's Republic of China aut NATIONALLICENCE 700 1- Tang Yuntao Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Resources Conservation and Utilization, College of Biology and Environmental Sciences, Jishou University, No.120 Ren Min Nan Lu, 416000, Jishou, Hunan, People's Republic of China aut NATIONALLICENCE 700 1- Xia Guixian The State Key Laboratory of Plant Genomics, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China aut NATIONALLICENCE 700 1- Wu Jiahe The State Key Laboratory of Plant Genomics, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China aut NATIONALLICENCE 700 1- Xie De-Yu Department of Plant and Microbial Biology, North Carolina State University, 27695, Raleigh, NC, USA aut NATIONALLICENCE 773 0- Planta Springer Berlin Heidelberg 241/5(2015-05-01), 1075-1089 0032-0935 241:5<1075 2015 241 425