caa a22 4500 606213619 CHVBK 20210128101048.0 cr unu---uuuuu 210128e20150101xx s 000 0 eng 10.1007/s00701-014-2280-9 doi (NATIONALLICENCE)springer-10.1007/s00701-014-2280-9 The death of Henry II, King of France (1519-1559). From myth to medical and historical fact [Elektronische Daten] [Marc Zanello, Philippe Charlier, Robert Corns, Bertrand Devaux, Patrick Berche, Johan Pallud] On 30 June 1559, Henry II, King of France, was mortally wounded in the head by a lance during a jousting match. Despite the best efforts of his physicians, Ambroise Paré and Andreas Vesalius, King Henry died 11days later. This article, based on previously unpublished evidence, aims at examining the historical account of his death against modern medical practice to establish the probable cause of the king's death. We also discuss what treatments the doctors in the sixteenth century may have had to offer. Historical accounts of the joust provide details of the incident including the position of the visor of the king's helmet. Descriptions of the wood fragments removed from the right orbit by Italian observers and a new translation of the autopsy by Andreas Vesalius allow an accurate description of the actual injury. Our research counters previous theories and concludes that Henry II was the victim of craniofacial trauma involving the right eye and that he died from periorbital cellulitis caused by a retained foreign body in the wound, complicated by a left interhemispheric empyema preceded by a traumatic interhemispheric haematoma. It would appear that the royal court doctors advocated a wait-and-see strategy, with little actual input from Ambroise Paré or Andreas Vesalius, with a clearly regrettable outcome. Springer-Verlag Wien, 2014 King Henry II nationallicence Medical history nationallicence Ambroise Paré nationallicence Andreas Vesalius nationallicence Subdural empyema nationallicence Retrospective diagnosis nationallicence Zanello Marc Department of Neurosurgery, Sainte-Anne Hospital, Paris, France aut Charlier Philippe Department of Medico-Legal and Medical Anthropology, UFR of Health Science, Montigny-Le-Bretonneux, France aut Corns Robert Department of Neurosurgery, Leeds General Infirmary, Leeds, UK aut Devaux Bertrand Department of Neurosurgery, Sainte-Anne Hospital, Paris, France aut Berche Patrick University Paris Descartes, Paris, France aut Pallud Johan Department of Neurosurgery, Sainte-Anne Hospital, Paris, France aut Acta Neurochirurgica Springer Vienna 157/1(2015-01-01), 145-149 0001-6268 157:1<145 2015 157 701 https://doi.org/10.1007/s00701-014-2280-9 text/html Onlinezugriff via DOI BK010053 XK010053 XK010000 Metadata rights reserved Springer special CC-BY-NC licence nationallicence 1 research-article jats NATIONALLICENCE NATIONALLICENCE NL-springer NATIONALLICENCE 856 40 https://doi.org/10.1007/s00701-014-2280-9 text/html Onlinezugriff via DOI NATIONALLICENCE 700 1- Zanello Marc Department of Neurosurgery, Sainte-Anne Hospital, Paris, France aut NATIONALLICENCE 700 1- Charlier Philippe Department of Medico-Legal and Medical Anthropology, UFR of Health Science, Montigny-Le-Bretonneux, France aut NATIONALLICENCE 700 1- Corns Robert Department of Neurosurgery, Leeds General Infirmary, Leeds, UK aut NATIONALLICENCE 700 1- Devaux Bertrand Department of Neurosurgery, Sainte-Anne Hospital, Paris, France aut NATIONALLICENCE 700 1- Berche Patrick University Paris Descartes, Paris, France aut NATIONALLICENCE 700 1- Pallud Johan Department of Neurosurgery, Sainte-Anne Hospital, Paris, France aut NATIONALLICENCE 773 0- Acta Neurochirurgica Springer Vienna 157/1(2015-01-01), 145-149 0001-6268 157:1<145 2015 157 701