caa a22 4500 606214828 CHVBK 20210128101056.0 cr unu---uuuuu 210128e20151201xx s 000 0 eng 10.1007/s00701-015-2572-8 doi (NATIONALLICENCE)springer-10.1007/s00701-015-2572-8 Comparative analysis of explanted DBS electrodes [Elektronische Daten] [Michele Rizzi, Alessandro De Benedictis, Giuseppe Messina, Roberto Cordella, Davide Marchesi, Raffaella Messina, Federica Penner, Angelo Franzini, Carlo Marras] Background: Hardware-related complications frequently occur in deep brain stimulation. Microscopy and spectroscopy techniques are effective methods for characterizing the morphological and chemical basis of malfunctioning DBS electrodes. A previous report by our team revealed the morphological and chemical alterations on a malfunctioning explanted electrode when it was compared to a new device. The aim of this preliminary study was to verify whether these morphological and chemical alterations in the materials were a direct result of the hardware malfunctioning or if the failure was correlated to a degradation process over time. Methods: Two DBS electrodes were removed from two patients for reasons other than DBS system impairment and were analyzed by a scanning electron microscope and by an energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy. The results were compared to a malfunctioning device and to a new device, previously analyzed by our group. Results: The analysis revealed that the wear of the polyurethane external part of all the electrodes was directly correlated with the duration of implantation period. Moreover, these alterations were independent from the electrodes functioning and from parameters used during therapy. Conclusions: This is the first study done that demonstrates a time-related degradation in the external layer of DBS electrodes. The analyses of morphological and chemical properties of the implanted devices are relevant for predicting the possibility of hardware's impairment as well as to improve the bio-stability of DBS systems. Springer-Verlag Wien, 2015 Scanning electron microscope nationallicence Energy dispersive X-ray nationallicence Environmental biodegradation nationallicence Electrodes analysis nationallicence Explanted electrodes nationallicence DBS nationallicence Rizzi Michele Department of Neurosurgery, IRCCS Foundation Neurological Institute "Carlo Besta”, Milan, Italy aut De Benedictis Alessandro Department of Neuroscience and Neurorehabilitation Division of Neurosurgery, Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital, IRCCS, Rome, Italy aut Messina Giuseppe Department of Neurosurgery, IRCCS Foundation Neurological Institute "Carlo Besta”, Milan, Italy aut Cordella Roberto Department of Neurosurgery, IRCCS Foundation Neurological Institute "Carlo Besta”, Milan, Italy aut Marchesi Davide Filarete Foundation, Milan, Italy aut Messina Raffaella Department of Neuroscience and Neurorehabilitation Division of Neurosurgery, Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital, IRCCS, Rome, Italy aut Penner Federica Department of Neurosurgery, IRCCS Foundation Neurological Institute "Carlo Besta”, Milan, Italy aut Franzini Angelo Department of Neurosurgery, IRCCS Foundation Neurological Institute "Carlo Besta”, Milan, Italy aut Marras Carlo Department of Neuroscience and Neurorehabilitation Division of Neurosurgery, Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital, IRCCS, Rome, Italy aut Acta Neurochirurgica Springer Vienna 157/12(2015-12-01), 2135-2141 0001-6268 157:12<2135 2015 157 701 https://doi.org/10.1007/s00701-015-2572-8 text/html Onlinezugriff via DOI BK010053 XK010053 XK010000 Metadata rights reserved Springer special CC-BY-NC licence nationallicence 1 research-article jats NATIONALLICENCE NATIONALLICENCE NL-springer NATIONALLICENCE 856 40 https://doi.org/10.1007/s00701-015-2572-8 text/html Onlinezugriff via DOI NATIONALLICENCE 700 1- Rizzi Michele Department of Neurosurgery, IRCCS Foundation Neurological Institute "Carlo Besta”, Milan, Italy aut NATIONALLICENCE 700 1- De Benedictis Alessandro Department of Neuroscience and Neurorehabilitation Division of Neurosurgery, Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital, IRCCS, Rome, Italy aut NATIONALLICENCE 700 1- Messina Giuseppe Department of Neurosurgery, IRCCS Foundation Neurological Institute "Carlo Besta”, Milan, Italy aut NATIONALLICENCE 700 1- Cordella Roberto Department of Neurosurgery, IRCCS Foundation Neurological Institute "Carlo Besta”, Milan, Italy aut NATIONALLICENCE 700 1- Marchesi Davide Filarete Foundation, Milan, Italy aut NATIONALLICENCE 700 1- Messina Raffaella Department of Neuroscience and Neurorehabilitation Division of Neurosurgery, Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital, IRCCS, Rome, Italy aut NATIONALLICENCE 700 1- Penner Federica Department of Neurosurgery, IRCCS Foundation Neurological Institute "Carlo Besta”, Milan, Italy aut NATIONALLICENCE 700 1- Franzini Angelo Department of Neurosurgery, IRCCS Foundation Neurological Institute "Carlo Besta”, Milan, Italy aut NATIONALLICENCE 700 1- Marras Carlo Department of Neuroscience and Neurorehabilitation Division of Neurosurgery, Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital, IRCCS, Rome, Italy aut NATIONALLICENCE 773 0- Acta Neurochirurgica Springer Vienna 157/12(2015-12-01), 2135-2141 0001-6268 157:12<2135 2015 157 701